利用python做數(shù)據(jù)擬合詳情
發(fā)布日期：2021-12-10 08:11 | 文章來源：站長之家
1、例子：擬合一種函數(shù)Func，此處為一個指數(shù)函數(shù)。
出處：
SciPy v1.1.0 Reference Guide
#Header
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
#Define a function(here a exponential function is used)
def func(x, a, b, c):
return a * np.exp(-b * x) + c
#Create the data to be fit with some noise
xdata = np.linspace(0, 4, 50)
y = func(xdata, 2.5, 1.3, 0.5)
np.random.seed(1729)
y_noise = 0.2 * np.random.normal(size=xdata.size)
ydata = y + y_noise
plt.plot(xdata, ydata, 'bo', label='data')
#Fit for the parameters a, b, c of the function func:
popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, xdata, ydata)
popt #output: array([ 2.55423706, 1.35190947, 0.47450618])
plt.plot(xdata, func(xdata, *popt), 'r-',
label='fit: a=%5.3f, b=%5.3f, c=%5.3f' % tuple(popt))
#In the case of parameters a,b,c need be constrainted
#Constrain the optimization to the region of
#0 <= a <= 3, 0 <= b <= 1 and 0 <= c <= 0.5
popt, pcov = curve_fit(func, xdata, ydata, bounds=(0, [3., 1., 0.5]))
popt #output: array([ 2.43708906, 1. , 0.35015434])
plt.plot(xdata, func(xdata, *popt), 'g--',
label='fit: a=%5.3f, b=%5.3f, c=%5.3f' % tuple(popt))
#Labels
plt.title("Exponential Function Fitting")
plt.xlabel('x coordinate')
plt.ylabel('y coordinate')
plt.legend()
leg = plt.legend() # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
leg.get_frame().set_linewidth(0.0) # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
#leg.get_frame().set_edgecolor('b') # change the color of Legend frame
#plt.show()
#Export figure
#plt.savefig('fit1.eps', format='eps', dpi=1000)
plt.savefig('fit1.pdf', format='pdf', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
plt.savefig('fit1.jpg', format='jpg', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
上面一段代碼可以直接在spyder中運(yùn)行。得到的JPG導(dǎo)出圖如下：
2. 例子：擬合一個Gaussian函數(shù)
出處：LMFIT: Non-Linear Least-Squares Minimization and Curve-Fitting for Python
#Header
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy import exp, linspace, random
from scipy.optimize import curve_fit
#Define the Gaussian function
def gaussian(x, amp, cen, wid):
return amp * exp(-(x-cen)**2 / wid)
#Create the data to be fitted
x = linspace(-10, 10, 101)
y = gaussian(x, 2.33, 0.21, 1.51) + random.normal(0, 0.2, len(x))
np.savetxt ('data.dat',[x,y]) #[x,y] is is saved as a matrix of 2 lines
#Set the initial(init) values of parameters need to optimize(best)
init_vals = [1, 0, 1] # for [amp, cen, wid]
#Define the optimized values of parameters
best_vals, covar = curve_fit(gaussian, x, y, p0=init_vals)
print(best_vals) # output: array [2.27317256 0.20682276 1.64512305]
#Plot the curve with initial parameters and optimized parameters
y1 = gaussian(x, *best_vals) #best_vals, '*'is used to read-out the values in the array
y2 = gaussian(x, *init_vals) #init_vals
plt.plot(x, y, 'bo',label='raw data')
plt.plot(x, y1, 'r-',label='best_vals')
plt.plot(x, y2, 'k--',label='init_vals')
#plt.show()
#Labels
plt.title("Gaussian Function Fitting")
plt.xlabel('x coordinate')
plt.ylabel('y coordinate')
plt.legend()
leg = plt.legend() # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
leg.get_frame().set_linewidth(0.0) # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
#leg.get_frame().set_edgecolor('b') # change the color of Legend frame
#plt.show()
#Export figure
#plt.savefig('fit2.eps', format='eps', dpi=1000)
plt.savefig('fit2.pdf', format='pdf', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
plt.savefig('fit2.jpg', format='jpg', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
上面一段代碼可以直接在spyder中運(yùn)行。得到的JPG導(dǎo)出圖如下：
3. 用一個lmfit的包來實(shí)現(xiàn)2中的Gaussian函數(shù)擬合
需要下載lmfit這個包，下載地址：
https://pypi.org/project/lmfit/#files
下載下來的文件是.tar.gz格式，在MacOS及Linux命令行中解壓，指令：
將其中的lmfit文件夾復(fù)制到當(dāng)前project目錄下。
上述例子2中生成了data.dat，用來作為接下來的方法中的原始數(shù)據(jù)。
出處：
Modeling Data and Curve Fitting
#Header
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from numpy import exp, loadtxt, pi, sqrt
from lmfit import Model
#Import the data and define x, y and the function
data = loadtxt('data.dat')
x = data[0, :]
y = data[1, :]
def gaussian1(x, amp, cen, wid):
return (amp / (sqrt(2*pi) * wid)) * exp(-(x-cen)**2 / (2*wid**2))
#Fitting
gmodel = Model(gaussian1)
result = gmodel.fit(y, x=x, amp=5, cen=5, wid=1) #Fit from initial values (5,5,1)
print(result.fit_report())
#Plot
plt.plot(x, y, 'bo',label='raw data')
plt.plot(x, result.init_fit, 'k--',label='init_fit')
plt.plot(x, result.best_fit, 'r-',label='best_fit')
#plt.show()
#Labels
plt.title("Gaussian Function Fitting")
plt.xlabel('x coordinate')
plt.ylabel('y coordinate')
plt.legend()
leg = plt.legend() # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
leg.get_frame().set_linewidth(0.0) # remove the frame of Legend, personal choice
#leg.get_frame().set_edgecolor('b') # change the color of Legend frame
#plt.show()
#Export figure
#plt.savefig('fit3.eps', format='eps', dpi=1000)
plt.savefig('fit3.pdf', format='pdf', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
plt.savefig('fit3.jpg', format='jpg', dpi=1000, figsize=(8, 6), facecolor='w', edgecolor='k')
上面這一段代碼需要按指示下載lmfit包，并且讀取例子2中生成的data.dat。
得到的JPG導(dǎo)出圖如下：
到此這篇關(guān)于利用python做數(shù)據(jù)擬合詳情的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)python做數(shù)據(jù)擬合內(nèi)容請搜索本站以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持本站！
版權(quán)聲明：本站文章來源標(biāo)注為YINGSOO的內(nèi)容版權(quán)均為本站所有，歡迎引用、轉(zhuǎn)載，請保持原文完整并注明來源及原文鏈接。禁止復(fù)制或仿造本網(wǎng)站，禁止在非www.sddonglingsh.com所屬的服務(wù)器上建立鏡像，否則將依法追究法律責(zé)任。本站部分內(nèi)容來源于網(wǎng)友推薦、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)收集整理而來，僅供學(xué)習(xí)參考，不代表本站立場，如有內(nèi)容涉嫌侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系alex-e#qq.com處理。
相關(guān)文章
關(guān)注官方微信