詳解apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54及三種風(fēng)格的init程序特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別
發(fā)布日期：2022-07-15 19:04 | 文章來源：站長(zhǎng)之家
源碼包編譯實(shí)例
下面通過編譯安裝httpd來深入理解源碼包安裝(httpd-2.4.54)
下載編譯工具,httpd以及其兩個(gè)依賴包的源碼包
//源碼包建議到官方網(wǎng)站下載
[root@lnh ~]# mkdir xbz [root@lnh ~]# cd xbz/ [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
安裝apr
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//將apr解壓到當(dāng)前目錄
[root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-1.7.0/
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ls
apr-config.in build-outputs.mk helpers misc strings
apr.dep CHANGES include mmap support
apr.dsp CMakeLists.txt libapr.dep network_io tables
apr.dsw config.layout libapr.dsp NOTICE test
apr.mak configure libapr.mak NWGNUmakefile threadproc
apr.pc.in configure.in libapr.rc passwd time
apr.spec docs LICENSE poll tools
atomic dso locks random user
build emacs-mode Makefile.in README
build.conf encoding Makefile.win README.cmake
buildconf file_io memory shmem
//進(jìn)入這個(gè)源碼包可以看見里面被解壓出來的東西
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr
...
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove 'libtoolT': No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
//生成Makefile
一般常用的有 --prefix=PREFIX 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思是定義軟件包安裝到哪里
建議，源碼包都是安裝在/opt/目錄下或者/usr/local/src目錄下面
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make
...
gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I./include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/arch/unix -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private -I/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/include/private export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> apr.exp
sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apr-1-config > apr-config.out
sed -e 's,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' -e 's,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/src/apr/build-1,' < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'
//編譯生成Makefile，此處雖然出現(xiàn)了make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-1.7.0'，但是沒關(guān)系可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下一步安裝
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# make install
...
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/src/apr/build-1
for f in make_exports.awk make_var_export.awk; do \
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/xbz/apr-1.7.0/build/${f} /usr/local/src/apr/build-1; \
done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/src/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/src/apr/bin/apr-1-config
//進(jìn)行安裝
[root@lnh apr-1.7.0]# cd /usr/local/src/apr/
[root@lnh apr]# ls
bin build-1 include lib
//進(jìn)入apr的路徑進(jìn)行查看，默認(rèn)情況下，系統(tǒng)搜索庫文件的路徑只有/lib，/usr/lib，我們需要進(jìn)行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中創(chuàng)建以.conf為后綴名的文件，而后把要增添的路徑直接寫至此文件中。此時(shí)庫文件增添的搜索路徑重啟后有效，若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令
[root@lnh apr]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr/lib/ >apr.conf
[root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd -
/usr/local/src/apr
//切換到前一個(gè)工作目錄
[root@lnh apr]# ldconfig
//使命令生效
[root@lnh apr]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr/include/ /usr/include/apr
[root@lnh apr]# ll /usr/include/apr/
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jul 12 20:18 apr-1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 27 Jul 12 20:44 include -> /usr/local/src/apr/include/
將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
折疊
安裝apr-util
[root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install expat-devel libxml2-devel pcre-devel //需要先安裝這個(gè)依賴 [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# ls apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz //解壓到當(dāng)前目錄 [root@lnh xbz]# cd apr-util-1.6.1/ [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ls aprutil.dep CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile aprutil.dsp CMakeLists.txt ldap README aprutil.dsw config.layout libaprutil.dep README.cmake aprutil.mak configure libaprutil.dsp README.FREETDS apr-util.pc.in configure.in libaprutil.mak redis apr-util.spec crypto libaprutil.rc renames_pending apu-config.in dbd LICENSE strmatch buckets dbm Makefile.in test build docs Makefile.win uri build.conf encoding memcache xlate buildconf export_vars.sh.in misc xml build-outputs.mk hooks NOTICE //進(jìn)入源碼包查看被解壓出來的東西 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr ... configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating export_vars.sh config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo config.status: creating apr-util.pc config.status: creating apu-1-config config.status: creating include/private/apu_select_dbm.h config.status: creating include/apr_ldap.h config.status: creating include/apu.h config.status: creating include/apu_want.h config.status: creating test/Makefile config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h config.status: executing default commands //生成Makefile文件，需要伴隨著上一個(gè)指定的依賴 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make ... gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 exports.c | grep "ap_hack_" | sed -e 's/^.*[)]\(.*\);$/\1/' >> aprutil.exp gcc -E -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include -I/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1/include/private -I/usr/local/src/apr/include/apr-1 export_vars.c | sed -e 's/^\#[^!]*//' | sed -e '/^$/d' >> aprutil.exp sed 's,^\(location=\).*$,\1installed,' < apu-1-config > apu-config.out make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1' //編譯生成的Makefile文件，出現(xiàn)make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/apr-util-1.6.1'這個(gè)沒有關(guān)系可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下一步安裝 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# make install ... See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 aprutil.exp /usr/local/src/apr-util/lib /usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apu-config.out /usr/local/src/apr-util/bin/apu-1-config //進(jìn)行安裝 [root@lnh apr-util-1.6.1]# cd /usr/local/src/apr-util/ [root@lnh apr-util]# ls bin include lib //切換到apr-util安裝目錄進(jìn)行查看，默認(rèn)情況下，系統(tǒng)搜索庫文件的路徑只有/lib，/usr/lib，我們需要進(jìn)行修改在/etc/ld.so.conf.d/中創(chuàng)建以.conf為后綴名的文件，而后把要增添的路徑直接寫至此文件中。此時(shí)庫文件增添的搜索路徑重啟后有效，若要使用增添的路徑立即生效則要使用ldconfig命令 [root@lnh apr-util]# cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/ [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# echo /usr/local/src/apr-util/ >apr-util.conf [root@lnh ld.so.conf.d]# cd - /usr/local/src/apr-util //切換到上一個(gè)工作目錄 [root@lnh apr-util]# ln -s /usr/local/src/apr-util/include/ /usr/include/apr -util //將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
折疊
安裝httpd
[root@lnh xbz]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
[root@lnh xbz]# ls
apr-1.7.0 apr-util-1.6.1 httpd-2.4.54
apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz
//解壓到當(dāng)前目錄
[root@lnh xbz]# cd httpd-2.4.54/
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE CMakeLists.txt InstallBin.dsp README
acinclude.m4 config.layout LAYOUT README.CHANGES
Apache-apr2.dsw configure libhttpd.dep README.cmake
Apache.dsw configure.in libhttpd.dsp README.platforms
apache_probes.d docs libhttpd.mak ROADMAP
ap.d emacs-style LICENSE server
build httpd.dep Makefile.in srclib
BuildAll.dsp httpd.dsp Makefile.win support
BuildBin.dsp httpd.mak modules test
buildconf httpd.spec NOTICE VERSIONING
CHANGES include NWGNUmakefile
changes-entries INSTALL os
//查看被解壓出來的東西
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/src/httpd --with-apr=/usr/local/src/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/src/apr-util
...
config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh
config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h
config.status: executing default commands
configure: summary of build options:
Server Version: 2.4.54
Install prefix: /usr/local/src/httpd
C compiler: gcc
CFLAGS: -g -O2 -pthread
CPPFLAGS: -DLINUX -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE
LDFLAGS:
LIBS:
C preprocessor: gcc -E
//生成Makefile文件
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make
...
/usr/local/src/apr/build-1/libtool --silent --mode=link gcc -g -O2 -pthread -o mod_rewrite.la -rpath /usr/local/src/httpd/modules -module -avoid-version mod_rewrite.lo
make[4]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[3]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules/mappers'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/modules'
make[2]: Entering directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
make[2]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54/support'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//編譯生成Makefile文件，出現(xiàn)的一些沒有讀取到的問題沒有關(guān)系，繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下一步
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# make install
...
Installing man pages and online manual
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man1
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/man/man8
mkdir /usr/local/src/httpd/manual
make[1]: Leaving directory '/root/xbz/httpd-2.4.54'
//進(jìn)行安裝
[root@lnh httpd-2.4.54]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd/
[root@lnh httpd]# ls
bin cgi-bin error icons logs manual
build conf htdocs include man modules
//切換到httpd的安裝目錄進(jìn)行查看，默認(rèn)情況下，系統(tǒng)搜索庫文件的路徑只有/lib，/usr/lib
[root@lnh httpd]# ln -s /usr/local/src/httpd/include/ /usr/include/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# ll /usr/include/httpd
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 29 Jul 12 21:23 /usr/include/httpd -> /usr/local/src/httpd/include/
//將頭文件軟鏈接到/usr/include目錄下
[root@lnh httpd]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/src/httpd/bin" > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
[root@lnh httpd]# source /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
//配置httpd的全局環(huán)境變量，并生成效果
[root@lnh httpd]# which httpd
/usr/local/src/httpd/bin/httpd
[root@lnh httpd]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man
MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/src/httpd/man
//添加后面這一行
[root@lnh ~]# httpd
AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using fe80::20c:29ff:fe57:f6f5%ens33. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message
httpd (pid 35719) already running
//啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
[root@lnh ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
//查看端口
[root@lnh ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
//關(guān)閉防火墻
折疊
服務(wù)80端口
源碼編譯報(bào)錯(cuò)信息處理
checking for APR... no configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation. //解決方案 [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@lnh xbz]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz 提前把這兩個(gè)依賴包安裝好才可以進(jìn)行生成Makefile文件 無法進(jìn)行生成兩個(gè)依賴包的Makefile文件 //解決方案 [root@lnh xbz]# dnf -y install gcc gcc-c++ make wget 提前下載編譯工具
init程序的三種風(fēng)格
- SysV?格：init（centos5），實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)初始化時(shí)，隨后的初始化操作都是借助于腳本來實(shí)現(xiàn)的，(/etc/inittab)
- Upstart風(fēng)格：init（centos6），由ubuntu研發(fā)的，通過總線形式以接近于并行的方式工作，效率比SysV高，配置文件(/etc/inittab，/etc/init/*.conf)
- Systemd風(fēng)格：systemd（centos7），啟動(dòng)速度快，系統(tǒng)引導(dǎo)時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)并行啟動(dòng)，比前兩者的效率都高，配置文件(/usr/lib/systemd/system，/etc/systemd/system)
init程序三種風(fēng)格的特點(diǎn)
SysV?格特點(diǎn)：
- 腳本中含有大量的命令，每個(gè)命令都要啟動(dòng)一個(gè)進(jìn)程，命令執(zhí)行完以后就要終止這個(gè)進(jìn)程。如此一來，系統(tǒng)初始化時(shí)將大量的創(chuàng)建進(jìn)程，銷毀進(jìn)程，工作效率會(huì)非常低
- 服務(wù)間可能會(huì)存在依賴關(guān)系，必須嚴(yán)格按照一定的順序來啟動(dòng)服務(wù)，前一個(gè)服務(wù)沒啟動(dòng)完后面的服務(wù)就無法執(zhí)行啟動(dòng)過程。不能并行進(jìn)行
Upstart風(fēng)格特點(diǎn):
- 基于總線方式能夠讓進(jìn)程間互相通信的一個(gè)應(yīng)用程序
- 不用等服務(wù)啟動(dòng)完成，只要一初始化就可以把自己的狀態(tài)返回給其他進(jìn)程
Systemd風(fēng)格特點(diǎn):
- 啟動(dòng)速度比SysV和Upstart都快
- 不需要通過任何腳本來啟動(dòng)服務(wù)，systemd自身就可以啟動(dòng)服務(wù)，其本身就是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的解釋器，啟動(dòng)服務(wù)時(shí)不需要sh/bash的參與
- systemd不真正在系統(tǒng)初始化時(shí)去啟動(dòng)任何一個(gè)服務(wù)只要服務(wù)沒用到，它告訴你啟動(dòng)了，實(shí)際上并沒有啟動(dòng)。僅當(dāng)?shù)谝淮稳ピL問時(shí)才會(huì)真正啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
到此這篇關(guān)于apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54以及三種風(fēng)格的init程序特點(diǎn)和區(qū)別的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)apache編譯安裝httpd-2.4.54內(nèi)容請(qǐng)搜索本站以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持本站！
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