Nginx負(fù)載均衡/SSL配置的實(shí)現(xiàn)
什么是負(fù)載均衡?
當(dāng)一個(gè)域名指向多臺(tái)web服務(wù)器時(shí),添加一臺(tái)nginx負(fù)載均衡服務(wù)器,通過(guò)nginx負(fù)載均衡即可將來(lái)自于客戶端的請(qǐng)求均衡的發(fā)送給每臺(tái)web服務(wù)器,避免單臺(tái)服務(wù)器負(fù)載過(guò)高而其余服務(wù)器較為空閑的不均衡情況出現(xiàn)
配置nginx負(fù)載均衡:
在nginx機(jī)器上新建配置文件:
[root@centos02 ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf
添加如下內(nèi)容:
upstream test { ip_hash; server 192.168.0.10:80 weight=100; server 192.168.0.20:80 weight=50; } server { listen 80; server_name www.test.com; location / { proxy_pass http://test; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
- upstream:負(fù)載均衡配置
- test:自定義名,用于server{}中proxy_pass引用
- ip_hash:將同一客戶端的所有請(qǐng)求發(fā)送給同一服務(wù)器(如不發(fā)送給同一服務(wù)器,有可能出現(xiàn)客戶端剛登陸網(wǎng)站,點(diǎn)擊其他子頁(yè)面又提示登陸)
- server:web服務(wù)器地址
- weight:定義權(quán)重(范圍0-100),負(fù)載均衡服務(wù)器優(yōu)先將請(qǐng)求發(fā)送給權(quán)重大的web服務(wù)器(以上示例如果有150條請(qǐng)求進(jìn)來(lái),192.168.0.10會(huì)被分配100條,192.168.0.20會(huì)被分配50條)
- server_name:訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站的域名
- proxy_pass:引用upstream定義的名稱
驗(yàn)證nginx配置并重載:
[root@centos02 ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@centos02 ~]# nginx -s reload
接下來(lái)修改客戶端hosts文件將測(cè)試的域名www.test.com指向到測(cè)試的nginx負(fù)載均衡機(jī)器的IP即可訪問(wèn)www.test.com網(wǎng)站。
負(fù)載均衡配置示例補(bǔ)充
1.根據(jù)請(qǐng)求的文件配置:
upstream aa { server 192.168.0.10; server 192.168.0.20; } upstream bb { server 192.168.0.100; server 192.168.0.101; } server { listen 80; server_name www.test.com; location ~ aa.php { proxy_pass http://aa/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location ~ bb.php { proxy_pass http://bb/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location / { proxy_pass http://bb/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
請(qǐng)求aa.php的,會(huì)到aa組,請(qǐng)求bb.php的會(huì)到bb組,其他請(qǐng)求全部到bb組,必須要有l(wèi)ocation / {} ,否則不能正確匹配url
2.根據(jù)請(qǐng)求的目錄配置:
upstream aa { server 192.168.0.10; server 192.168.0.20; } upstream bb { server 192.168.0.100; server 192.168.0.101; } server { listen 80; server_name www.test.com; location /dir1/ { proxy_pass http://aa/dir1/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location /dir2/ { proxy_pass http://bb/dir2/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } location / { proxy_pass http://bb/; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } }
#當(dāng)請(qǐng)求uri中匹配/dir1/,代理到aa/dir1/,匹配/dir2/或者其他時(shí),代理到bb/dir2/
nginx配置SSL證書(shū)實(shí)現(xiàn)通過(guò)https協(xié)議訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站:
SSL證書(shū)申請(qǐng)網(wǎng)站:
1.https://www.wosign.com/
2.https://freessl.cn/(免費(fèi))
#通過(guò)瀏覽器生成后,需要在服務(wù)器創(chuàng)建證書(shū)文件
創(chuàng)建證書(shū)文件:
[root@linux ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl [root@linux ~]# cd !$ cd /etc/nginx/ssl [root@linux ssl]# touch ca [root@linux ssl]# touch test.crt [root@linux ssl]# touch test.key
#將證書(shū)申請(qǐng)網(wǎng)站提供的對(duì)應(yīng)證書(shū)的內(nèi)容添加到ca/ .crt/ .key文件中即可
編輯nginx配置文件:
[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf
添加如下內(nèi)容:
listen 443 ssl; server_name test.bbs.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/test.crt; #定義.crt文件路徑 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/test.key; #定義.key文件路徑 ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
驗(yàn)證配置并重載nginx:
[root@linux ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful [root@linux ~]# nginx -s reload
#接下來(lái)訪問(wèn)網(wǎng)站地址欄即可顯示HTTPS
curl驗(yàn)證方式:
curl -k -H "host:test.bbs.com" https://192.168.234.128/index.php
#host:域名,https:// webserver IP,輸出結(jié)果為網(wǎng)站頁(yè)面標(biāo)簽信息即表示成功
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