在Linux中使用Smartctl監(jiān)控磁盤性能的方法
發(fā)布日期：2022-02-20 10:49 | 文章來源：gibhub
Smartctl（S.M.A.R.T 自監(jiān)控，分析和報(bào)告技術(shù)）是類Unix系統(tǒng)下實(shí)施SMART任務(wù)命令行套件或工具，它用于打印SMART自檢和錯(cuò)誤日志，啟用并禁用SMRAT自動(dòng)檢測(cè)，以及初始化設(shè)備自檢。
Smartctl對(duì)于Linux物理服務(wù)器十分有用，在這些服務(wù)器上，可以對(duì)智能磁盤進(jìn)行錯(cuò)誤檢查，并將與硬件RAID相關(guān)的磁盤信息摘錄下來。
在本帖中，我們將討論smartctl命令的一些實(shí)用樣例。如果你的Linux上海沒有安裝smartctl，請(qǐng)按以下步驟來安裝。
安裝 Smartctl
對(duì)于 Ubuntu
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:$ sudo apt-get install smartmontools
對(duì)于 CentOS & RHEL
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:# yum install smartmontools
啟動(dòng)Smartctl服務(wù)
對(duì)于 Ubuntu
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:$ sudo /etc/init.d/smartmontools start
對(duì)于 CentOS & RHEL
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代碼如下: # service smartd start ; chkconfig smartd on
樣例
樣例：1 檢查磁盤的 Smart 功能是否啟用
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下: root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -i /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9320325AS
Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size:512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Momentus 5400.6
Device Model: ST9320325AS
Serial Number: 5VD2V59T
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 020a37ec4
Firmware Version: 0002BSM1
User Capacity: 320,072,933,376 bytes [320 GB]
Sector Size:512 bytes logical/physical
Rotation Rate: 5400 rpm
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 2.6, 1.5 Gb/s
Local Time is: Sun Nov 16 12:32:09 2014 IST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
這里‘/dev/sdb’是你的硬盤。上面輸出中的最后兩行顯示了SMART功能已啟用。
樣例：2 啟用磁盤的 Smart 功能
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s on /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Enabled.
樣例：3 禁用磁盤的 Smart 功能
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下: root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -s off /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF ENABLE/DISABLE COMMANDS SECTION ===
SMART Disabled. Use option -s with argument 'on' to enable it.
樣例：4 顯示磁盤的詳細(xì) Smart 信息
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a /dev/sdb // For IDE drive
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive
root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -a -d ata /dev/sdb // For SATA drive
樣例：5 顯示磁盤總體健康狀況
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -H /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPEUPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022067045045 Old_ageAlwaysIn_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Warning: This result is based on an Attribute check.
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPEUPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022067045045 Old_ageAlwaysIn_the_past 33 (Min/Max 25/33)
樣例：6 使用long和short選項(xiàng)測(cè)試硬盤
Long測(cè)試
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Extended self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 102 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 14:29:43 2014
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或者，我們可以重定向測(cè)試輸出到日志文件，就像下面這樣
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=long /dev/sdb > /var/log/long.text
Short測(cè)試
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF OFFLINE IMMEDIATE AND SELF-TEST SECTION ===
Sending command: "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode".
Drive command "Execute SMART Short self-test routine immediately in off-line mode" successful.
Testing has begun.
Please wait 1 minutes for test to complete.
Test will complete after Sun Nov 16 12:51:45 2014
Use smartctl -X to abort test.
或
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl --test=short /dev/sdb > /var/log/short.text
注意：short測(cè)試將花費(fèi)最多2分鐘，而在long測(cè)試中沒有時(shí)間限制，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)讀取并驗(yàn)證磁盤的每個(gè)段。
樣例：7 查看驅(qū)動(dòng)器的自檢結(jié)果
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description StatusRemaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492210841222
# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492210841222
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description StatusRemaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed: read failure 90% 492210841222
# 2 Extended offline Completed: read failure 90% 492210841222
樣例：8 計(jì)算測(cè)試時(shí)間估值
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -c /dev/sdb
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:(0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:(1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:( 102) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:(2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:(0x103b) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:( 121) The previous self-test completed having
the read element of the test failed.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:( 0) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
No Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:(0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:(1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:( 102) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:(2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:(0x103b) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
樣例：9 顯示磁盤錯(cuò)誤日志
復(fù)制代碼
代碼如下:root@linuxtechi:~# smartctl -l error /dev/sdb
Sample Output
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 5
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DCPowered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 0000:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 0000:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT
Sample Output
smartctl 6.2 2013-07-26 r3841 [x86_64-linux-3.13.0-32-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 5
CR = Command Register [HEX]
FR = Features Register [HEX]
SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
ER = Error register [HEX]
ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DCPowered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ---------------- --------------------
25 da 08 e7 e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.515 READ DMA EXT
25 da 08 df e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.514 READ DMA EXT
25 da 80 5f e5 a5 4c 0000:30:44.502 READ DMA EXT
25 da f0 5f e6 a5 4c 0000:30:44.496 READ DMA EXT
25 da 10 4f e6 a5 4c 0000:30:44.383 READ DMA EXT
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