Linux traceroute命令使用詳解
traceroute我們可以知道信息從你的計算機到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)另一端的主機是走的什么路徑。當(dāng)然每次數(shù)據(jù)包由某一同樣的出發(fā)點(source)到達(dá)某一同樣的目的地(destination)走的路徑可能會不一樣,但基本上來說大部分時候所走的路由是相同的。
常見命令參數(shù)
Options: -4 Use IPv4 -6 Use IPv6 -d --debug Enable socket level debugging -F --dont-fragment Do not fragment packets -f first_ttl --first=first_ttl Start from the first_ttl hop (instead from 1) -g gate,... --gateway=gate,... Route packets through the specified gateway (maximum 8 for IPv4 and 127 for IPv6) -I --icmp Use ICMP ECHO for tracerouting -T --tcp Use TCP SYN for tracerouting -i device --interface=device Specify a network interface to operate with -m max_ttl --max-hops=max_ttl Set the max number of hops (max TTL to be reached). Default is 30 -N squeries --sim-queries=squeries Set the number of probes to be tried simultaneously (default is 16) -n Do not resolve IP addresses to their domain names -p port --port=port Set the destination port to use. It is either initial udp port value for "default" method (incremented by each probe, default is 33434), or initial seq for "icmp" (incremented as well, default from 1), or some constant destination port for other methods (with default of 80 for "tcp", 53 for "udp", etc.) -t tos --tos=tos Set the TOS (IPv4 type of service) or TC (IPv6 traffic class) value for outgoing packets -l flow_label --flowlabel=flow_label Use specified flow_label for IPv6 packets -w waittime --wait=waittime Set the number of seconds to wait for response to a probe (default is 5.0). Non-integer (float point) values allowed too -q nqueries --queries=nqueries Set the number of probes per each hop. Default is 3 -r Bypass the normal routing and send directly to a host on an attached network -s src_addr --source=src_addr Use source src_addr for outgoing packets -z sendwait --sendwait=sendwait Minimal time interval between probes (default 0). If the value is more than 10, then it specifies a number in milliseconds, else it is a number of seconds (float point values allowed too) -e --extensions Show ICMP extensions (if present), including MPLS -A --as-path-lookups Perform AS path lookups in routing registries and print results directly after the corresponding addresses -M name --module=name Use specified module (either builtin or external) for traceroute operations. Most methods have their shortcuts (`-I' means `-M icmp' etc.) -O OPTS,... --options=OPTS,... Use module-specific option OPTS for the traceroute module. Several OPTS allowed, separated by comma. If OPTS is "help", print info about available options --sport=num Use source port num for outgoing packets. Implies `-N 1' -U --udp Use UDP to particular port for tracerouting (instead of increasing the port per each probe), default port is 53 -UL Use UDPLITE for tracerouting (default dest port is 53) -P prot --protocol=prot Use raw packet of protocol prot for tracerouting --mtu Discover MTU along the path being traced. Implies `-F -N 1' --back Guess the number of hops in the backward path and print if it differs -V --version Print version info and exit --help Read this help and exit
常見命令展示
多命令使用
traceroute -n -m 5 -q 4 -w 3 www.baidu.com
說明: -n 顯示IP地址,不查主機名, -m 設(shè)置跳數(shù)
-q 4每個網(wǎng)關(guān)發(fā)送4個數(shù)據(jù)包 -w 把對外發(fā)探測包的等待響應(yīng)時間設(shè)置為3秒
探測包使用的基本UDP端口設(shè)置6888
traceroute -p 6888 www.baidu.com
繞過正常的路由表,直接發(fā)送到網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連的主機
traceroute -r www.baidu.com
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