Linux常用命令之grep命令用法詳解
1.官方簡介
grep是linux的常用命令,用于對文件和文本執(zhí)行重復(fù)搜索任務(wù)的Unix工具,可以通過grep命令指定特定搜索條件來搜索文件及其內(nèi)容以獲取有用的信息。
Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]... Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. PATTERN is, by default, a basic regular expression (BRE). Example: grep -i 'hello world' menu.h main.c Regexp selection and interpretation: -E, --extended-regexp PATTERN is an extended regular expression (ERE) -F, --fixed-strings PATTERN is a set of newline-separated fixed strings -G, --basic-regexp PATTERN is a basic regular expression (BRE) -P, --perl-regexp PATTERN is a Perl regular expression -e, --regexp=PATTERN use PATTERN for matching -f, --file=FILE obtain PATTERN from FILE -i, --ignore-case ignore case distinctions -w, --word-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole words -x, --line-regexp force PATTERN to match only whole lines -z, --null-data a data line ends in 0 byte, not newline Miscellaneous: -s, --no-messages suppress error messages -v, --invert-match select non-matching lines -V, --version display version information and exit --help display this help text and exit Output control: -m, --max-count=NUM stop after NUM matches -b, --byte-offset print the byte offset with output lines -n, --line-number print line number with output lines --line-buffered flush output on every line -H, --with-filename print the file name for each match -h, --no-filename suppress the file name prefix on output --label=LABEL use LABEL as the standard input file name prefix -o, --only-matching show only the part of a line matching PATTERN -q, --quiet, --silent suppress all normal output --binary-files=TYPE assume that binary files are TYPE; TYPE is 'binary', 'text', or 'without-match' -a, --text equivalent to --binary-files=text -I equivalent to --binary-files=without-match -d, --directories=ACTION how to handle directories; ACTION is 'read', 'recurse', or 'skip' -D, --devices=ACTION how to handle devices, FIFOs and sockets; ACTION is 'read' or 'skip' -r, --recursive like --directories=recurse -R, --dereference-recursive likewise, but follow all symlinks --include=FILE_PATTERN search only files that match FILE_PATTERN --exclude=FILE_PATTERN skip files and directories matching FILE_PATTERN --exclude-from=FILE skip files matching any file pattern from FILE --exclude-dir=PATTERN directories that match PATTERN will be skipped. -L, --files-without-match print only names of FILEs containing no match -l, --files-with-matches print only names of FILEs containing matches -c, --count print only a count of matching lines per FILE -T, --initial-tab make tabs line up (if needed) -Z, --null print 0 byte after FILE name Context control: -B, --before-context=NUM print NUM lines of leading context -A, --after-context=NUM print NUM lines of trailing context -C, --context=NUM print NUM lines of output context -NUM same as --context=NUM --group-separator=SEP use SEP as a group separator --no-group-separator use empty string as a group separator --color[=WHEN], --colour[=WHEN] use markers to highlight the matching strings; WHEN is 'always', 'never', or 'auto' -U, --binary do not strip CR characters at EOL (MSDOS/Windows) -u, --unix-byte-offsets report offsets as if CRs were not there (MSDOS/Windows) 'egrep' means 'grep -E'. 'fgrep' means 'grep -F'. Direct invocation as either 'egrep' or 'fgrep' is deprecated. When FILE is -, read standard input. With no FILE, read . if a command-line -r is given, - otherwise. If fewer than two FILEs are given, assume -h. Exit status is 0 if any line is selected, 1 otherwise; if any error occurs and -q is not given, the exit status is 2. Report bugs to: bug-grep@gnu.org GNU Grep home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/> General help using GNU software: http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/
我平時(shí)也是簡單的查看一個(gè)用戶數(shù)據(jù),用于簡單的數(shù)據(jù)校對,最近突然接到分析后臺日志的需求,才發(fā)現(xiàn)grep用處還是不少的。
比如我們后臺日志相當(dāng)大,要是直接從服務(wù)器直接拉取,耗時(shí)長占用帶寬,所以方案就是直接使用 grep關(guān)鍵字重定向到新的文件中,從14G直接到12M,然后再數(shù)據(jù)清洗和分析。
2.實(shí)戰(zhàn)介紹
2.1使用grep命令對多文件中多種文本查詢
note :使用egrep命令,可使用擴(kuò)展的正則表達(dá)式
1.多文件
- grep 'pattern' file1 file2
2.多文本 , 關(guān)系是OR
- egrep 'pattern1|pattern2' *.py
- grep -e pattern1 -e pattern2 *.py
- grep -E 'pattern1|pattern2' *.doc
例如下面對 對文件中 存在關(guān)鍵字 wordA or wordB進(jìn)行提取:
grep 'wordA\|wordB' *.py grep -E 'wordA|wordB' *.doc grep -e wordA -e wordB *.py egrep "wordA|wordB" *.c
3.多文本關(guān)系是 AND
這里我并沒有看到 直接能用的【option】,只能加一層管道符|。
例如:
grep -e pattern1 *.py |grep -e pattern2
2.2完全匹配關(guān)鍵詞 -w
grep -w 'warning\|error\|critical' /home/logs
2.3使用-i參數(shù)忽略大小寫,–color高亮顯示匹配結(jié)果
egrep -wi --color 'warning|error|critical' /home/logs
2.4遞歸查找
egrep -Rwi --color 'warning|error' /home/logs/
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