KVM虛擬化安裝部署及管理教程
發(fā)布日期：2021-12-08 10:55 | 文章來源：gibhub
1.kvm部署
1.1 kvm安裝
//關(guān)閉防火墻和selinux
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld.service
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@kvm ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@kvm ~]# reboot
//下載epel源和工具包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install epel-release vim wget net-tools unzip zip gcc gcc-c++
//驗(yàn)證CPU是否支持KVM；如果結(jié)果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字樣，就說明CPU的支持的
[root@kvm ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
//安裝kvm
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
//橋接網(wǎng)卡，用br0來橋接ens160網(wǎng)卡
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE=Bridge
DEVICE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=br0
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.237.131
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.237.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
[root@kvm network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens33
DEVICE=ens33
ONBOOT=yes
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
//重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart network
[root@kvm ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:7b:10:a5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.237.131/24 brd 192.168.237.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe7b:10a5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:1c:33:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
//啟動(dòng)服務(wù)
[root@kvm ~]# systemctl enable --now libvirtd
//驗(yàn)證安裝結(jié)果
[root@kvm ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 188740 0
kvm 637289 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
//測試
[root@kvm ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id 名稱 狀態(tài)
----------------------------------------------------
[root@kvm ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@kvm ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@kvm ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@kvm ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 10月 20 23:14 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
//查看網(wǎng)橋信息
[root@kvm ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c297b10a5 no ens33
virbr0 8000.5254001c33d6 yes virbr0-nic
1.2 kvm web管理界面安裝
kvm 的 web 管理界面是由 webvirtmgr 程序提供的。
//安裝依賴包
[root@kvm ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
//從github上下載webvirtmgr代碼
[root@kvm ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@kvm src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
正克隆到 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
接收對象中: 100% (5614/5614), 2.97 MiB | 29.00 KiB/s, done.
處理 delta 中: 100% (3606/3606), done.
//安裝webvirtmgr
[root@kvm src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt
Collecting django==1.5.5 (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/38/49/93511c5d3367b6b21fc2995a0e53399721afc15e4cd6eb57be879ae13ad4/Django-1.5.5.tar.gz (8.1MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 8.1MB 49kB/s
......
//檢查sqlite3是否安裝
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 16 2020, 22:23:17)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
//初始化賬號信息
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use 'root'): admin
Email address: 123@qq.com
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
//拷貝web網(wǎng)頁至指定目錄
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@kvm webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
//生成密鑰
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:icyLAYmyxABKsogsIHmJqGjSby0ogFwf1p2zeiPwuxY root@kvm
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|O+ . . . . |
|/ooo o . + |
|&*+ o . o |
|X+.. = . o |
|= o..* S |
|. . +o.E o |
| . .... = . |
| o |
| ... |
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@kvm ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.237.131
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.237.131 (192.168.237.131)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:/AR9dYUN0PN9LOHYWfHeUe5LgyczVMH9mYv9+2GcAbM.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:30:f6:de:5a:7d:c2:08:b5:b7:31:61:4a:4e:dd:32:73.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.237.131's password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.237.131'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
//配置端口轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
[root@kvm ~]# ssh 192.168.237.131 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Wed Oct 20 23:12:00 2021 from 192.168.237.1
[root@kvm ~]# ss -anlt
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
//配置nginx
[root@kvm ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@kvm nginx]# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params mime.types scgi_params win-utf
default.d fastcgi_params.default mime.types.default scgi_params.default
fastcgi.conf koi-utf nginx.conf uwsgi_params
fastcgi.conf.default koi-win nginx.conf.default uwsgi_params.default
[root@kvm nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf-bak //備份
[root@kvm nginx]# cat nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_age
1.3 kvm web界面管理
通過ip地址在瀏覽器上訪問kvm
1.3.1 kvm連接管理
創(chuàng)建SSH連接：
1.3.2 kvm存儲(chǔ)管理
創(chuàng)建存儲(chǔ)：
進(jìn)入存儲(chǔ)：
通過遠(yuǎn)程連接軟件上傳ISO鏡像文件至存儲(chǔ)目錄/var/lib/libvirt/images/
[root@kvm ~]# ls /var/lib/libvirt/images/ CentOS-8.4.2105-x86_64-dvd1.iso
在 web 界面查看ISO鏡像是否存在
創(chuàng)建系統(tǒng)安裝鏡像
1.3.3 kvm網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理
添加橋接網(wǎng)絡(luò)
1.3.4 實(shí)例管理
實(shí)例(虛擬機(jī))創(chuàng)建
虛擬機(jī)插入光盤
設(shè)置在 web 上訪問虛擬機(jī)的密碼
啟動(dòng)虛擬機(jī)
打開控制臺
安裝虛擬機(jī)
安裝完成
故障
web界面無法訪問，命令行報(bào)錯(cuò)（accept: Too many open files）
對nginx進(jìn)行配置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf user nginx; worker_processes auto; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; pid /run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //添加此行 [root@kvm ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service 對系統(tǒng)參數(shù)進(jìn)行設(shè)置 [root@kvm ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf # End of file //添加下面兩行 * soft nofile 655350 * hard nofile 655350 重啟虛擬機(jī)，就能成功訪問 [root@kvm ~]# reboot
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