Linux 常用命令

• pwd: print work directory 打印當(dāng)前目錄 顯示出當(dāng)前工作目錄的絕對(duì)路徑
• ps: process status(進(jìn)程狀態(tài)，類(lèi)似于windows的任務(wù)管理器) 常用參數(shù)：－auxf ：ps -auxf 顯示進(jìn)程狀態(tài)
• df: disk free 其功能是顯示磁盤(pán)可用空間數(shù)目信息及空間結(jié)點(diǎn)信息。換句話(huà)說(shuō)，就是報(bào)告在任何安裝的設(shè)備或目錄中，還剩多少自由的空間。
• du: Disk usage
• rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的發(fā)明之一
• rmdir：Remove Directory（刪除目錄）
• rm：Remove（刪除目錄或文件）
• cat: concatenate 連鎖
• catfile1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的內(nèi)容聯(lián)合起來(lái)放到file3中
• insmod: install module,載入模塊
• ln -s: link -soft 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)軟鏈接，相當(dāng)于創(chuàng)建一個(gè)快捷方式
• mkdir：Make Directory(創(chuàng)建目錄)
• touch: touch
• man: Manual
• su：Swith user(切換用戶(hù))
• cd：Change directory
• ls：List files
• ps：Process Status
• mkdir：Make directory
• rmdir：Remove directory
• mkfs: Make file system
• fsck：File system check
• uname: Unix name
• lsmod: List modules
• mv: Move file
• rm: Remove file
• cp: Copy file
• ln: Link files
• fg: Foreground
• bg: Background
• chown: Change owner
• chgrp: Change group
• chmod: Change mode
• umount: Unmount
• dd: 本來(lái)應(yīng)根據(jù)其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名為"cc"，但"cc"已經(jīng)被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名為"dd"
• tar：Tape archive （磁帶檔案）
• ldd：List dynamic dependencies
• insmod：Install module
• rmmod：Remove module
• lsmod：List module
• 文件結(jié)尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
• Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目錄下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（執(zhí)行順序號(hào)）；xxx（服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)）
• .a（擴(kuò)展名a）：Archive，static library
• .so（擴(kuò)展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
• .o（擴(kuò)展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
• RPM：Red hat package manager
• dpkg：Debian package manager
• apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的發(fā)行版中提供）

其他 Linux 命令縮寫(xiě)

• bin= Binaries (二進(jìn)制文件)
• /dev= Devices (設(shè)備)
• /etc= Etcetera (等等)
• /lib= LIBrary
• /proc= Processes
• /sbin= Superuser Binaries (超級(jí)用戶(hù)的二進(jìn)制文件)
• /tmp= Temporary (臨時(shí))
• /usr= Unix Shared Resources
• /var= Variable (變量)
• FIFO= First In, First Out
• GRUB= GRand Unified Bootloader
• IFS= Internal Field Seperators
• LILO= LInux LOader
• MySQL= My 是最初作者女兒的名字，
• SQL= Structured QueryLanguage
• PHP= Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
• PS= Prompt String
• Perl= “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(實(shí)際的抽取和報(bào)告語(yǔ)言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
• Python得名于電視劇Monty Python’s Flying Circus
• Tcl= Tool Command Language
• Tk= ToolKit
• VT= Video Terminal
• YaST= Yet Another Setup Tool
• apache= “a patchy” server
• apt= Advanced Packaging Tool
• ar= archiver
• as= assembler
• awk= “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三個(gè)作者的姓的第一個(gè)字母
• bash= Bourne Again SHell
• bc= Basic (Better) Calculator
• bg= BackGround
• biff= 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely養(yǎng)的一條狗,喜歡對(duì)郵遞員汪汪叫。
• cal= Calendar (日歷)
• cat= Catenate (鏈接)
• cd= Change Directory
• chgrp= Change Group
• chmod= Change Mode
• chown= Change Owner
• chsh= Change Shell
• cmp= compare
• cobra= Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
• comm= common
• cp= Copy
• cpio= CoPy In and Out
• cpp= C Pre Processor
• cron= Chronos 希臘文時(shí)間
• cups= Common Unix Printing System
• cvs= Current Version System
• daemon= Disk And Execution MONitor
• dc= Desk Calculator
• dd= Disk Dump (磁盤(pán)轉(zhuǎn)儲(chǔ))
• df= Disk Free
• diff= Difference
• dmesg= diagnostic message
• du= Disk Usage
• ed= editor
• egrep= Extended GREP
• elf= Extensible Linking Format
• elm= ELectronic Mail
• emacs= Editor MACroS
• eval= EVALuate
• ex= EXtended
• exec= EXECute (執(zhí)行)
• fd= file descriptors
• fg= ForeGround
• fgrep= Fixed GREP
• fmt= format
• fsck= File System ChecK
• fstab= FileSystem TABle
• fvwm= F*** Virtual Window Manager
• gawk= GNU AWK
• gpg= GNU Privacy Guard
• groff= GNU troff
• hal= Hardware Abstraction Layer
• joe= Joe’s Own Editor
• ksh= Korn SHell
• lame= Lame Ain’t an MP3 Encoder
• lex= LEXical analyser
• lisp= LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
• ln= Link
• lpr= Line PRint
• ls= list
• lsof= LiSt Open Files
• m4= Macro processor Version 4
• man= MANual pages
• mawk= Mike Brennan’s AWK
• mc= Midnight Commander
• mkfs= MaKe FileSystem
• mknod= Make Node
• motd= Message of The Day
• mozilla= MOsaic GodZILLa
• mtab= Mount TABle
• mv= Move
• nano= Nano’s ANOther editor
• nawk= New AWK
• nl= Number of Lines
• nm= names
• nohup= No HangUP
• nroff= New ROFF
• od= Octal Dump
• passwd= Passwd
• pg= pager
• pico= PIne’s message COmposition editor
• pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
• ping= 擬聲 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
• pirntcap= PRINTer CAPability
• popd= POP Directory
• pr= pre
• printf= Print Formatted
• ps= Processes Status
• pty= pseudo tty
• pushd= PUSH Directory
• pwd= Print Working Directory
• rc= runcom = run command, rc還是plan9的shell
• rev= REVerse
• rm= ReMove
• rn= Read News
• roff= RunOFF
• rpm= RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
• rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
• r= Remote
• rxvt= ouR XVT
• seamoneky= 我
• sed= Stream Editor
• seq= SEQuence
• shar= Shell ARchive
• slrn= S-Lang rn
• ssh= Secure Shell
• ssl= Secure Sockets Layer
• stty= Set TTY
• su= Substitute User
• svn= SubVersion
• tar= Tape ARchive
• tcsh= TENEX C shell
• tee= T (T形水管接口)
• telnet= TEminaL over Network
• termcap= terminal capability
• terminfo= terminal information
• tex= τ?χνη的縮寫(xiě)，希臘文art
• tr= traslate
• troff= Typesetter new ROFF
• tsort= Topological SORT
• tty= TeleTypewriter
• twm= Tom’s Window Manager
• tz= TimeZone
• udev= Userspace DEV
• ulimit= User’s LIMIT
• umask= User’s MASK
• uniq= UNIQue
• i=VIsual= Very Inconvenient
• vim= Vi IMproved
• wall= write all
• wc= Word Count
• wine= WINE Is Not an Emulator
• xargs= eXtended ARGuments
• xdm= X Display Manager
• xlfd= X Logical Font Description
• xmms= X Multimedia System
• xrdb= X Resources DataBase
• xwd= X Window Dump
• yacc= yet another compiler compiler
• Fish= the Friendly Interactive SHell
• su= Switch User
• MIME= Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
• ECMA= European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

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