django-admin startproject BookManage

python3 manage.py startapp bookApp

from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.http import HttpResponse
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("圖書管理系統(tǒng)")

# bookApp/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
# 當(dāng)用戶訪問(wèn)bookApp應(yīng)用的主頁(yè)時(shí), 執(zhí)行視圖函數(shù)index,反向根據(jù)名稱獲取url地址;
url(r'^$', views.index, name='index'),
]

# BookManage/urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
# 當(dāng)用戶訪問(wèn)的url地址以book開頭, 請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)bookApp.urls這個(gè)url配置文件進(jìn)行匹配并執(zhí)行對(duì)應(yīng)
的視圖函數(shù).
url(r'^book/', include('bookApp.urls')),
]

python3 manage.py runserver

MariaDB [(none)]> create database BookManage charset=utf8;

# .......
# 注釋之前的sqlite數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù);
# DATABASES = {
#
'default': {
#
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#
'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
#
}
# }
# 添加新的Mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接;
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'BookManage',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': 'westos',
'HOST': 'localhost',
'PORT': '3306',
}
}
# .......
注意: Django 使用 MySQL 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)需要安裝 PyMySQL ,若已經(jīng)安裝請(qǐng)略過(guò)。
pip install pymysql

import pymysql
# MySQLdb只支持Python2.*,還不支持3.可以用PyMySQL代替。
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

# bookApp/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.class Book(models.Model):
# 定義屬性:默認(rèn)主鍵自增id字段可不寫
title = models.CharField(max_length=20)
pub_date = models.DateTimeField()
# 定義默認(rèn)輸出格式
def __str__(self):
return "%d" % self.title
# 自定義對(duì)應(yīng)的表名,默認(rèn)表名:bookApp_book
class Meta:
db_table = "books"
class Hero(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
gender = models.BooleanField()
content = models.CharField(max_length=100)
Book = models.ForeignKey('Book', on_delete=False)
def __str__(self):
return "%s" % self.name
# 自定義對(duì)應(yīng)的表名,默認(rèn)表名:bookApp_hero
class Meta:
db_table = "heros"

# BookManage/settings.py
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
# .......此處省略
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# 新添加的app
'bookApp',
]

python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

$ mysql -uroot -pwestos
MariaDB [(none)]> use BookManage
MariaDB [BookManage]> show tables;
MariaDB [BookManage]> desc books;
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field
| Type
| Null | Key | Default | Extra
|
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11)
| title | varchar(20) | NO
| pub_date | datetime
| NO
| NO
| PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| | NULL | |
| | NULL | |
+----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
MariaDB [BookManage]> desc heros;
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field
| Type
| Null | Key | Default | Extra
|
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| gender | tinyint(1) | NO | | NULL | |
| content | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| Book_id | int(11) | MUL | NULL | |
| NO
+---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

python manage.py shell

from bookApp.models import Hero, Book

Book.objects.all()

from datetime import datetime
book = Book(title="射雕英雄傳", pub_date=datetime(year=1990,month=1,day=10))
book.save()

book = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
book.id
book.title
book.pub_date

book.title = "天龍八部"
book.save()

book.delete()

# 書籍的創(chuàng)建
book = Book(title="倚天屠龍記", pub_date=datetime(year=1990,month=1,day=10))
book.save()
# 人物的創(chuàng)建
info1 = "峨眉第四代掌門人,先為峨眉派掌門滅絕師太的徒兒,頗獲滅絕師太歡心并對(duì)她>青睞有加,將峨
眉派鎮(zhèn)派之寶“蛾眉九陽(yáng)功”傳給了她,張無(wú)忌的追求者之一。"
info2 = "原名敏敏特穆爾,汝陽(yáng)王(朝廷大將軍察罕特穆爾)的女兒,封號(hào)“紹敏郡主”,>趙敏是她的漢
名,是從她的封號(hào)“紹敏郡主”而來(lái)。"
hero1 = Hero(name="周芷若", gender=False, info=info1)
hero2 = Hero(name="趙敏", gender=False, info=info2)
hero1.Book=book
hero2.Book=book
hero1.save()
hero2.save()

book.hero_set.all()

book.hero_set.create(name="張無(wú)忌",
gender=True,
content="武當(dāng)派第二代“張五俠”張翠山與天鷹教紫微堂堂主殷素素的兒子")

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

# 按提示輸入用戶名、郵箱、密碼
python manage.py createsuperuser

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

from django.contrib import admin
from models import Book
admin.site.register(Book)

# bookApp/models.py
class Book(models.Model):
# ........此處省略
# 自定義對(duì)應(yīng)的表名,默認(rèn)表名:bookApp_book
class Meta:
db_table = "books"
# 單數(shù)時(shí)顯示的名稱
verbose_name = '圖書信息'
# 復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)顯示的名稱
verbose_name_plural = '圖書信息'

# bookApp/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Book, Hero
# 書籍自定義管理頁(yè)面
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
list_filter = ['title']
search_fields = ['title']
list_per_page = 10# fields = ['pub_date', 'title']
fieldsets = [('基礎(chǔ)信息', {'fields': ['title']}),
('詳細(xì)信息', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ]
# 人物自定義管理頁(yè)面
class HeroAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'gender', 'content']
list_filter = ['name']
search_fields = ['name']
list_per_page = 10
# 關(guān)聯(lián)注冊(cè)
admin.site.register(Book, BookAdmin)
admin.site.register(Hero, HeroAdmin)

ist_display:顯示字段,可以點(diǎn)擊列頭進(jìn)行排序
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
list_filter:過(guò)濾字段,過(guò)濾框會(huì)出現(xiàn)在右側(cè)
list_filter = ['title']
search_fields:搜索字段,搜索框會(huì)出現(xiàn)在上側(cè)
search_fields = ['title']
list_per_page:分頁(yè),分頁(yè)框會(huì)出現(xiàn)在下側(cè)
list_per_page = 10

fields:屬性的先后順序
fields = ['pub_date', 'title']
fieldsets :屬性分組, 注意: fields和fieldsets 只能設(shè)置一個(gè).
fieldsets = [('基礎(chǔ)信息', {'fields': ['title']}),
('詳細(xì)信息', {'fields': ['pub_date']}), ]

# bookApp/admin.py
# class HeroInline(admin.TabularInline):
class HeroInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = Hero
extra = 2
class BookAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['pk', 'title', 'pub_date']
# .......此處省略部分重復(fù)代碼
inlines = [HeroInline]

發(fā)布性別的顯示不是一個(gè)直觀的結(jié)果,可以使用方法進(jìn)行封裝
# bookApp/models.py
class Hero(models.Model):
#
.......此處省略部分重復(fù)代碼
def sex(self):
if self.gender:
return
"男"
else:
return
"女"
在 admin 注冊(cè)中使用 sex 代替 gender
# bookApp/admin.py
class HeroAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ['id', 'name', 'sex', 'content']