使用 python 實現(xiàn)單人AI 掃雷游戲
發(fā)布日期：2022-02-19 15:35 | 文章來源：腳本之家
AI玩掃雷
很高興又見面了！😊
掃雷是一款單人益智游戲，相信大部分人都在以前上微機課的時候玩過。游戲的目標是借助每個區(qū)域中相鄰地雷數(shù)量的線索，清除包含隱藏的“地雷”或炸彈的單元格，但不引爆其中任何一個，全部清除后即可獲勝。今天我們用 Python 完成這個小程序，并且用AI來學(xué)習(xí)并實現(xiàn)它。
看看我們將要實現(xiàn)的最終樣子。👇
運行掃雷
1.確保安裝了Python 3.6+。
2.安裝Pygame。
3.克隆這個存儲庫：
GitHub地址：https://github.com/wanghao221/minesweeper
設(shè)置 minesweeper.py ⚓
掃雷游戲表示
class Minesweeper(): def __init__(self, height=8, width=8, mines=8): # 設(shè)置初始寬度、高度和地雷數(shù)量 self.height = height self.width = width self.mines = set() # 初始化一個沒有地雷的空字段 self.board = [] for i in range(self.height): row = [] for j in range(self.width): row.append(False) self.board.append(row) # 隨機添加地雷 while len(self.mines) != mines: i = random.randrange(height) j = random.randrange(width) if not self.board[i][j]: self.mines.add((i, j)) self.board[i][j] = True # 最開始，玩家沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)地雷 self.mines_found = set()
輸出地雷所在位置的基于文本的表示
def print(self):
for i in range(self.height):
print("--" * self.width + "-")
for j in range(self.width):
if self.board[i][j]:
print("|X", end="")
else:
print("| ", end="")
print("|")
print("--" * self.width + "-")
def is_mine(self, cell):
i, j = cell
return self.board[i][j]
def nearby_mines(self, cell):
返回給定單元格的一行和一列內(nèi)的地雷數(shù)，不包括單元格本身。
def nearby_mines(self, cell): # 保持附近地雷的數(shù)量 count = 0 # 遍歷一行和一列內(nèi)的所有單元格 for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2): # 忽略單元格本身 if (i, j) == cell: continue # 如果單元格在邊界內(nèi)并且是地雷，則更新計數(shù) if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: if self.board[i][j]:count += 1 return count
檢查是否已標記所有地雷。
def won(self): return self.mines_found == self.mines
關(guān)于掃雷游戲的邏輯語句
一個句子由一組棋盤單元和這些單元格的數(shù)量組成。
class Sentence():
def __init__(self, cells, count):
self.cells = set(cells)
self.count = count
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.cells == other.cells and self.count == other.count
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.cells} = {self.count}"
def known_mines(self):
返回 self.cells 中已知為地雷的所有單元格的集合。
def known_mines(self): if len(self.cells) == self.count: return self.cells
返回 self.cells 中已知安全的所有單元格的集合。
def known_safes(self): if self.count == 0: return self.cells
鑒于已知單元格是地雷，更新內(nèi)部知識表示。
def mark_mine(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell) self.count -= 1
鑒于已知單元格是安全的，更新內(nèi)部知識表示。
def mark_safe(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell)
掃雷游戲玩家
class MinesweeperAI(): def __init__(self, height=8, width=8): # 設(shè)置初始高度和寬度 self.height = height self.width = width # 跟蹤點擊了哪些單元格 self.moves_made = set() # 跟蹤已知安全或地雷的細胞 self.mines = set() self.safes = set() # 關(guān)于已知為真游戲的句子列表 self.knowledge = []
將一個單元格標記為地雷，并更新所有知識以將該單元格也標記為地雷。
def mark_mine(self, cell): self.mines.add(cell) for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_mine(cell)
將一個單元格標記為安全，并更新所有知識以將該單元格也標記為安全。
def mark_safe(self, cell): self.safes.add(cell) for sentence in self.knowledge: sentence.mark_safe(cell)
用于獲取所有附近的單元格
def nearby_cells(self, cell): cells = set() for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2): if (i, j) == cell: continue if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: cells.add((i, j)) return cells
當掃雷板告訴我們，對于給定的安全單元，有多少相鄰單元中有地雷時調(diào)用。
這個功能應(yīng)該：
1）將單元格標記為已進行的移動
2）將單元格標記為安全
3）根據(jù) cell 和 count 的值在 AI 的知識庫中添加一個新句子
4）如果可以根據(jù) AI 的知識庫得出結(jié)論，則將任何其他單元格標記為安全或地雷
5) 如果可以從現(xiàn)有知識中推斷出任何新句子，則將其添加到 AI 的知識庫中
def add_knowledge(self, cell, count): self.moves_made.add(cell) # 標記單元格安全 if cell not in self.safes: self.mark_safe(cell) # 獲取所有附近的單元格 nearby = self.nearby_cells(cell) nearby -= self.safes | self.moves_made new_sentence = Sentence(nearby, count) self.knowledge.append(new_sentence) new_safes = set() new_mines = set() for sentence in self.knowledge: if len(sentence.cells) == 0: self.knowledge.remove(sentence) else: tmp_new_safes = sentence.known_safes() tmp_new_mines = sentence.known_mines() if type(tmp_new_safes) is set: new_safes |= tmp_new_safes if type(tmp_new_mines) is set: new_mines |= tmp_new_mines for safe in new_safes: self.mark_safe(safe) for mine in new_mines: self.mark_mine(mine) prev_sentence = new_sentence new_inferences = [] for sentence in self.knowledge: if len(sentence.cells) == 0: self.knowledge.remove(sentence) elif prev_sentence == sentence: break elif prev_sentence.cells <= sentence.cells: inf_cells = sentence.cells - prev_sentence.cells inf_count = sentence.count - prev_sentence.count new_inferences.append(Sentence(inf_cells, inf_count)) prev_sentence = sentence self.knowledge += new_inferences def make_safe_move(self):
返回一個安全的單元格以在掃雷板上選擇。必須知道該移動是安全的，而不是已經(jīng)做出的移動。
該函數(shù)可以使用 self.mines、self.safes 和 self.moves_made 中的知識，但不應(yīng)修改任何這些值。
def make_safe_move(self): safe_moves = self.safes.copy() safe_moves -= self.moves_made if len(safe_moves) == 0: return None return safe_moves.pop() def make_random_move(self):
返回在掃雷板上進行的移動。應(yīng)該在以下單元格中隨機選擇：
1) 尚未被選中
2) 不知道是地雷
def make_random_move(self): if len(self.moves_made) == 56: return None random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) not_safe_moves = self.moves_made | self.mines while random_move in not_safe_moves: random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) return random_move
設(shè)置 runner.py 運行程序
顏色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) GRAY = (180, 180, 180) WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
創(chuàng)建游戲
pygame.init() size = width, height = 600, 400 screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
字體
字體可以在自己電腦中C:\Windows\Fonts的位置選擇自己喜歡的復(fù)制到項目中 assets/fonts目錄下即可，我用的是楷體
OPEN_SANS = "assets/fonts/simkai.ttf" smallFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 20) mediumFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 28) largeFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 40)
計算面板尺寸
BOARD_PADDING = 20 board_width = ((2 / 3) * width) - (BOARD_PADDING * 2) board_height = height - (BOARD_PADDING * 2) cell_size = int(min(board_width / WIDTH, board_height / HEIGHT)) board_origin = (BOARD_PADDING, BOARD_PADDING)
添加圖片
這里我們只用了兩張圖，一個是地雷，一個是用來標記地雷的旗幟
flag = pygame.image.load("assets/images/flag.png")
flag = pygame.transform.scale(flag, (cell_size, cell_size))
mine = pygame.image.load("assets/images/mine.png")
mine = pygame.transform.scale(mine, (cell_size, cell_size))
創(chuàng)建游戲和 AI 代理
game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES) ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)
跟蹤顯示的單元格、標記的單元格以及是否被地雷擊中
revealed = set() flags = set() lost = False
最初顯示游戲說明
instructions = True
while True:
# 檢查游戲是否退出
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
screen.fill(BLACK)
# 顯示游戲說明
if instructions:
# 標題
title = largeFont.render("海擁 | 掃雷", True, WHITE)
titleRect = title.get_rect()
titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 50)
screen.blit(title, titleRect)
# Rules
rules = [
"單擊一個單元格以顯示它",
"右鍵單擊一個單元格以將其標記為地雷",
"成功標記所有地雷以獲勝！"
]
for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
line = smallFont.render(rule, True, WHITE)
lineRect = line.get_rect()
lineRect.center = ((width / 2), 150 + 30 * i)
screen.blit(line, lineRect)
# 開始游戲按鈕
buttonRect = pygame.Rect((width / 4), (3 / 4) * height, width / 2, 50)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("開始游戲", True, BLACK)
buttonTextRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonTextRect.center = buttonRect.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, buttonRect)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonTextRect)
# 檢查是否點擊播放按鈕
click, _, _ = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
if click == 1:
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if buttonRect.collidepoint(mouse):
instructions = False
time.sleep(0.3)
pygame.display.flip()
continue
畫板
cells = [] for i in range(HEIGHT): row = [] for j in range(WIDTH): # 為單元格繪制矩形 rect = pygame.Rect( board_origin[0] + j * cell_size, board_origin[1] + i * cell_size, cell_size, cell_size ) pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect) pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, rect, 3) # 如果需要，添加地雷、旗幟或數(shù)字 if game.is_mine((i, j)) and lost: screen.blit(mine, rect) elif (i, j) in flags: screen.blit(flag, rect) elif (i, j) in revealed: neighbors = smallFont.render( str(game.nearby_mines((i, j))), True, BLACK ) neighborsTextRect = neighbors.get_rect() neighborsTextRect.center = rect.center screen.blit(neighbors, neighborsTextRect) row.append(rect) cells.append(row)
AI 移動按鈕
aiButton = pygame.Rect(
(2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height - 50,
(width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("AI 移動", True, BLACK)
buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonRect.center = aiButton.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, aiButton)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)
重置按鈕
resetButton = pygame.Rect(
(2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height + 20,
(width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("重置", True, BLACK)
buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonRect.center = resetButton.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, resetButton)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)
顯示文字
text = "失敗" if lost else "獲勝" if game.mines == flags else "" text = mediumFont.render(text, True, WHITE) textRect = text.get_rect() textRect.center = ((5 / 6) * width, (2 / 3) * height) screen.blit(text, textRect) move = None left, _, right = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
檢查右鍵單擊以切換標記
if right == 1 and not lost: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos() for i in range(HEIGHT): for j in range(WIDTH): if cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in revealed: if (i, j) in flags: flags.remove((i, j)) else: flags.add((i, j)) time.sleep(0.2) elif left == 1: mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
如果單擊 AI 按鈕，則進行 AI 移動
if aiButton.collidepoint(mouse) and not lost:
move = ai.make_safe_move()
if move is None:
move = ai.make_random_move()
if move is None:
flags = ai.mines.copy()
print("No moves left to make.")
else:
print("No known safe moves, AI making random move.")
else:
print("AI making safe move.")
time.sleep(0.2)
重置游戲狀態(tài)
elif resetButton.collidepoint(mouse): game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES) ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH) revealed = set() flags = set() lost = False continue
用戶自定義動作
elif not lost: for i in range(HEIGHT): for j in range(WIDTH): if (cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse)and (i, j) not in flagsand (i, j) not in revealed): move = (i, j)
行動起來，更新AI知識
if move: if game.is_mine(move): lost = True else: nearby = game.nearby_mines(move) revealed.add(move) ai.add_knowledge(move, nearby) pygame.display.flip()
以上就是本篇文章的全部內(nèi)容
這里放了項目的完整源碼：http://xiazai.jb51.net/202108/yuanma/haiyong_minesweeper_jb51.rar
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