手把手帶你了解python多進程,多線程
說明
相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)視頻見鏈接,本文只對重點進行總結(jié)。
多進程
重點(只要看下面代碼的main函數(shù)即可)
1.創(chuàng)建
2.如何開守護進程
3.多進程,開銷大,用for循環(huán)調(diào)用多個進程時,后臺cpu一下就上去了
import time import multiprocessing import os def dance(who,num): print("dance父進程:{}".format(os.getppid())) for i in range(1,num+1): print("進行編號:{}————{}跳舞。。。{}".format(os.getpid(),who,i)) time.sleep(0.5) def sing(num): print("sing父進程:{}".format(os.getppid())) for i in range(1,num+1): print("進行編號:{}----唱歌。。。{}".format(os.getpid(),i)) time.sleep(0.5) def work(): for i in range(10): print("工作中。。。") time.sleep(0.2) if __name__ == '__main__': # print("main主進程{}".format(os.getpid())) start= time.time() #1 進程的創(chuàng)建與啟動 # # 1.1創(chuàng)建進程對象,注意dance不能加括號 # # dance_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=dance)#1.無參數(shù) # dance_process=multiprocessing.Process(target=dance,args=("lin",3))#2.以args=元祖方式 # sing_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=sing,kwargs={"num":3})#3.以kwargs={}字典方式 # # 1.2啟動進程 # dance_process.start() # sing_process.start() #2.默認(rèn)-主進程和子進程是分開的,主進程只要1s就可以完成,子進程要2s,主進程會等所有子進程執(zhí)行完,再退出 # 2.1子守護主進程,當(dāng)主一但完成,子就斷開(如qq一關(guān)閉,所有聊天窗口就沒了).daemon=True work_process = multiprocessing.Process(target=work,daemon=True) work_process.start() time.sleep(1) print("主進程完成了!")#主進程和子進程是分開的,主進程只要1s就可以完成,子進程要2s,主進程會等所有子進程執(zhí)行完,再退出 print("main主進程花費時長:",time.time()-start) #
多線程
重點
1.創(chuàng)建
2.守護線程
3.線程安全問題(多人搶票,會搶到同一張)
import time import os import threading def dance(num): for i in range(num): print("進程編號:{},線程編號:{}————跳舞。。。".format(os.getpid(),threading.current_thread())) time.sleep(1) def sing(count): for i in range(count): print("進程編號:{},線程編號:{}----唱歌。。。".format(os.getpid(),threading.current_thread())) time.sleep(1) def task(): time.sleep(1) thread=threading.current_thread() print(thread) if __name__ == '__main__': # start=time.time() # # sing_thread =threading.Thread(target=dance,args=(3,),daemon=True)#設(shè)置成守護主線程 # sing_thread = threading.Thread(target=dance, args=(3,)) # dance_thread = threading.Thread(target=sing,kwargs={"count":3}) # # sing_thread.start() # dance_thread.start() # # time.sleep(1) # print("進程編號:{}主線程結(jié)束...用時{}".format(os.getpid(),(time.time()-start))) for i in range(10):#多線程之間執(zhí)行是無序的,由cpu調(diào)度 sub_thread = threading.Thread(target=task) sub_thread.start()
線程安全
由于線程直接是無序進行的,且他們共享同一個進程的全部資源,所以會產(chǎn)生線程安全問題(比如多人在線搶票,買到同一張)
#下面代碼在沒有l(wèi)ock鎖時,會賣出0票,加上lock就正常
import threading import time lock =threading.Lock() class Sum_tickets: def __init__(self,tickets): self.tickets=tickets def window(sum_tickets): while True: with lock: if sum_tickets.tickets>0: time.sleep(0.2) print(threading.current_thread().name,"取票{}".format(sum_tickets.tickets)) sum_tickets.tickets-=1 else: break if __name__ == '__main__': sum_tickets=Sum_tickets(10) sub_thread1 = threading.Thread(name="窗口1",target=window,args=(sum_tickets,)) sub_thread2 = threading.Thread(name="窗口2",target=window,args=(sum_tickets,)) sub_thread1.start() sub_thread2.start()
高并發(fā)拷貝(多進程,多線程)
import os import multiprocessing import threading import time def copy_file(file_name,source_dir,dest_dir): source_path = source_dir+"/"+file_name dest_path =dest_dir+"/"+file_name print("當(dāng)前進程為:{}".format(os.getpid())) with open(source_path,"rb") as source_file: with open(dest_path,"wb") as dest_file: while True: data=source_file.read(1024) if data: dest_file.write(data) else: break pass if __name__ == '__main__': source_dir=r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\注意力' dest_dir=r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\test' start = time.time() try: os.mkdir(dest_dir) except: print("目標(biāo)文件已存在") file_list =os.listdir(source_dir) count=0 #1多進程 for file_name in file_list: count+=1 print(count) sub_processor=multiprocessing.Process(target=copy_file, args=(file_name,source_dir,dest_dir)) sub_processor.start() # time.sleep(20) print(time.time()-start) #這里有主進程和子進程,通過打印可以看出,主進程在創(chuàng)建1,2,3,4,,,21過程中,子進程已有的開始執(zhí)行,也就是說,每個進程是互不影響的 # 9 # 10 # 11 # 12 # 13 # 當(dāng)前進程為:2936(當(dāng)主進程創(chuàng)建第13個時,此時,第一個子進程開始工作) # 14 # 當(dāng)前進程為:10120 # 當(dāng)前進程為:10440 # 15 # 當(dāng)前進程為:9508 # 2多線程 # for file_name in file_list: # count += 1 # print(count) # sub_thread = threading.Thread(target=copy_file, # args=(file_name, source_dir, dest_dir)) # sub_thread.start() # # time.sleep(20) # print(time.time() - start)
總結(jié)
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