python opencv畫局部放大圖實例教程
發(fā)布日期：2021-12-27 00:14 | 文章來源：源碼中國
這項功能的目的是為了方便使用opencv做圖像標(biāo)注工具。
為什么要畫局部放大圖？
在做圖像數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)注時，很難一次就做到精準(zhǔn)標(biāo)注，經(jīng)常需要微調(diào)才能達(dá)到比較好的標(biāo)注效果。如果目標(biāo)比較小，即使微調(diào)也難以做到精準(zhǔn)，所以就需要另外一個窗口對標(biāo)注區(qū)域進(jìn)行局部放大以方便微調(diào)。
程序邏輯
本文中標(biāo)注信息以矩形框作為示例，矩形框是圖像標(biāo)注中最常用到的一種標(biāo)注信息形態(tài)。其他標(biāo)注信息的設(shè)計邏輯雷同。
程序主要邏輯是：鼠標(biāo)在任意窗口中做的操作都要同步映射到另外一個窗口。主要通過兩個維度進(jìn)行控制：1. 鼠標(biāo)在主窗口還是在放大窗口；2. 鼠標(biāo)的操作。其中主窗口指的是用來顯示完整大圖的窗口，放大窗口是用來顯示局部放大區(qū)域的窗口。
- 鼠標(biāo)在主窗口
- 鼠標(biāo)移動：以當(dāng)前點（current_pt）為中心顯示一塊放大區(qū)域，顯示的范圍由一個參數(shù)指定default_zoom_image_size。為了確保以current_pt為中心向四個方向均能取到default_zoom_image_size一半的值，current_pt的活動范圍是大圖減去一定的邊緣區(qū)域，這個邊緣區(qū)域就是default_zoom_image_size的一半。在活動范圍內(nèi)，current_pt等同于鼠標(biāo)當(dāng)前點，在邊緣區(qū)域，current_pt等于距離鼠標(biāo)當(dāng)前點最近的邊緣點。
- 鼠標(biāo)畫矩形框：左鍵按下并拖動可以畫矩形框，矩形框不會超出大圖邊界
- 刪除矩形框：有兩種情況會刪除矩形框 —— 1. 左鍵畫出來的矩形框面積為零；2. 右鍵點擊
- 鼠標(biāo)在放大窗口
- 鼠標(biāo)移動：什么也不做。
- 鼠標(biāo)畫矩形框：左鍵按下并拖動可以畫矩形框，矩形框可以超出放大窗口的邊界，但是不會超出大圖邊界
- 刪除矩形框：同主窗口的兩種情況
- 鼠標(biāo)左鍵或右鍵點擊：可以起到選擇current_pt的作用
總體來說，我們在主窗口做任何操作都可以比較隨意，因為主窗口中除了矩形框外，圖像本身不發(fā)生變化。而在放大窗口中做操作就需要相對保守一些，不然會非常亂，以至于無法操作。所以我們在主窗口中畫矩形框時，放大窗口會隨著矩形框不停改變；而我們在放大窗口中畫矩形框時，放大窗口則保持不變（不然眼花繚亂）。
程序?qū)嵗?br/>
把程序邏輯搞明白后下面代碼就比較容易懂了。細(xì)節(jié)就不多說了，只說一個需要注意的大方向：我們需要為兩個窗口各寫一個鼠標(biāo)回調(diào)函數(shù)。
先看一下單純畫矩形框的代碼可能會有助于理解下面程序中的一些細(xì)節(jié)：opencv-python鼠標(biāo)畫矩形框：cv2.rectangle()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import cv2
class Rect(object):
def __init__(self, pt1=(0, 0), pt2=(0, 0)):
self.tl = pt1
self.br = pt2
self.regularize()
def regularize(self):
"""
make sure tl = TopLeft point, br = BottomRight point
"""
tl = (min(self.tl[0], self.br[0]), min(self.tl[1], self.br[1]))
br = (max(self.tl[0], self.br[0]), max(self.tl[1], self.br[1]))
self.tl = tl
self.br = br
def get_center(self):
"""
get center point of Rect
"""
center_x = (self.tl[0] + self.br[0]) // 2
center_y = (self.tl[1] + self.br[1]) // 2
return center_x, center_y
def get_width(self):
"""
get width of Rect
"""
return abs(self.br[0] - self.tl[0])
def get_height(self):
"""
get height of Rect
"""
return abs(self.br[1] - self.tl[1])
def height_over_width(self):
"""
ratio of height over width
"""
return self.get_height() / self.get_width()
def get_area(self):
"""
get area of Rect
"""
return self.get_width() * self.get_height()
class DrawZoom(object):
def __init__(self, image, color,
current_pt=(0, 0),
default_zoom_image_size=(256, 256)):
self.original_image = image
self.color = color
self.thickness = 2
self.current_pt = current_pt
self.default_zoom_image_size = default_zoom_image_size
self.rect_in_big_image = Rect()
self.rect_in_zoom_image = Rect()
self.zoom_offset = (0, 0)
self.is_drawing_big = False
self.is_drawing_zoom = False
self.exist_rect = False
self.big_image = image.copy()
self.zoom_image = None
self.zoom_image_backup = None
self.get_zoom_image()
def get_image_height(self):
"""
get height of big image
"""
return self.original_image.shape[0]
def get_image_width(self):
"""
get width of big image
"""
return self.original_image.shape[1]
def get_margin_height(self):
"""
get height of margin. in the margin area of big image, coordinate of
current_pt does NOT change
"""
return self.default_zoom_image_size[0] // 2
def get_margin_width(self):
"""
get width of margin
"""
return self.default_zoom_image_size[1] // 2
def get_zoom_image(self, height_ratio_expand=0.2, width_ratio_expand=0.2):
"""
get zoom image for two cases: the rect exists or not.
height_ratio_expand and width_ratio_expand are used for expanding some
area of rect
"""
if not self.exist_rect:
self.get_zoom_image_for_current_pt()
elif self.rect_in_big_image.get_area() > 0:
self.get_zoom_image_for_rect(height_ratio_expand,
width_ratio_expand)
def get_zoom_image_for_current_pt(self):
"""
get zoom image for current mouse point (when rect does not exist)
"""
# (x, y) is center coordinate
x = max(self.current_pt[0], self.get_margin_width())
x = min(x, self.get_image_width() - self.get_margin_width())
y = max(self.current_pt[1], self.get_margin_height())
y = min(y, self.get_image_height() - self.get_margin_height())
tl_x = x - self.get_margin_width()
tl_y = y - self.get_margin_height()
br_x = x + self.get_margin_width()
br_y = y + self.get_margin_height()
tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y = self.shrink_rect(tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y)
self.zoom_image = self.big_image[tl_y:br_y, tl_x:br_x]
self.zoom_image_backup = self.original_image[tl_y:br_y, tl_x:br_x]
self.zoom_offset = (tl_x, tl_y)
def get_zoom_image_for_rect(self, height_ratio_expand, width_ratio_expand):
"""
get zoom image when rect exists
"""
if self.rect_in_big_image.get_area() == 0:
return None
height_over_width_for_win_zoom = \
self.default_zoom_image_size[1] / self.default_zoom_image_size[0]
center = self.rect_in_big_image.get_center()
if self.rect_in_big_image.height_over_width() > \
height_over_width_for_win_zoom:
half_height = int(0.5 * (1 + height_ratio_expand) *
self.rect_in_big_image.get_height())
half_width = int(half_height / height_over_width_for_win_zoom)
else:
half_width = int(0.5 * (1 + width_ratio_expand) *
self.rect_in_big_image.get_width())
half_height = int(half_width * height_over_width_for_win_zoom)
tl_x = center[0] - half_width
tl_y = center[1] - half_height
br_x = center[0] + half_width
br_y = center[1] + half_height
tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y = self.shrink_rect(tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y)
self.zoom_image = self.big_image[tl_y:br_y, tl_x:br_x]
self.zoom_image_backup = self.original_image[tl_y:br_y, tl_x:br_x]
self.zoom_offset = (tl_x, tl_y)
@staticmethod
def clip(value, low, high):
"""
clip value between low and high
"""
output = max(value, low)
output = min(output, high)
return output
def shrink_point(self, x, y):
"""
shrink point (x, y) to inside big image
"""
x_shrink = self.clip(x, 0, self.get_image_width())
y_shrink = self.clip(y, 0, self.get_image_height())
return x_shrink, y_shrink
def shrink_rect(self, pt1_x, pt1_y, pt2_x, pt2_y):
"""
shrink rect to inside big image
"""
pt1_x = self.clip(pt1_x, 0, self.get_image_width())
pt1_y = self.clip(pt1_y, 0, self.get_image_height())
pt2_x = self.clip(pt2_x, 0, self.get_image_width())
pt2_y = self.clip(pt2_y, 0, self.get_image_height())
rect = Rect((pt1_x, pt1_y), (pt2_x, pt2_y))
rect.regularize()
tl_x, tl_y = rect.tl
br_x, br_y = rect.br
return tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y
def reset_big_image(self):
"""
reset big_image (for show) using original image
"""
self.big_image = self.original_image.copy()
def reset_zoom_image(self):
"""
reset zoom_image (for show) using the zoom image backup
"""
self.zoom_image = self.zoom_image_backup.copy()
def draw_rect_in_big_image(self):
"""
draw rect in big image
"""
cv2.rectangle(self.big_image,
self.rect_in_big_image.tl, self.rect_in_big_image.br,
color=self.color, thickness=self.thickness)
def draw_rect_in_zoom_image(self):
"""
draw rect in zoom image
"""
cv2.rectangle(self.zoom_image,
self.rect_in_zoom_image.tl, self.rect_in_zoom_image.br,
color=self.color, thickness=self.thickness)
def update_drawing_big(self):
"""
update drawing big image, and map the corresponding area to zoom image
"""
if self.exist_rect:
self.draw_rect_in_big_image()
self.get_zoom_image()
def update_drawing_zoom(self):
"""
update drawing big and zoom image when drawing rect in zoom image
"""
if self.exist_rect:
self.draw_rect_in_big_image()
self.draw_rect_in_zoom_image()
def onmouse_big_image(event, x, y, flags, draw_zoom):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
# pick first point of rect
draw_zoom.is_drawing_big = True
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.tl = (x, y)
draw_zoom.exist_rect = True
elif draw_zoom.is_drawing_big and event == cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
# pick second point of rect and draw current rect
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.br = draw_zoom.shrink_point(x, y)
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
elif event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
# finish drawing current rect
draw_zoom.is_drawing_big = False
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.br = draw_zoom.shrink_point(x, y)
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.regularize()
if draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.get_area() == 0:
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.exist_rect = False
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
elif (not draw_zoom.is_drawing_big) and event == cv2.EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN:
# right button down to erase current rect
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.exist_rect = False
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
else:
# default case: mouse move without rect
draw_zoom.current_pt = (x, y)
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
def onmouse_zoom_image(event, x, y, flags, draw_zoom):
if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
# pick first point of rect
draw_zoom.is_drawing_zoom = True
draw_zoom.rect_in_zoom_image.tl = (x, y)
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.tl = (x + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[0],
y + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[1])
draw_zoom.exist_rect = True
elif draw_zoom.is_drawing_zoom and event == cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE:
# pick second point of rect and draw current rect
draw_zoom.rect_in_zoom_image.br = (x, y)
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.br = draw_zoom.shrink_point(
x + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[0], y + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[1])
draw_zoom.reset_zoom_image()
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.update_drawing_zoom()
elif event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
# finish drawing current rect
draw_zoom.is_drawing_zoom = False
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.br = draw_zoom.shrink_point(
x + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[0], y + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[1])
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.regularize()
if draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image.get_area() == 0:
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.rect_in_zoom_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.exist_rect = False
draw_zoom.current_pt = draw_zoom.shrink_point(
x + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[0], y + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[1])
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
elif (not draw_zoom.is_drawing_big) and event == cv2.EVENT_RBUTTONDOWN:
# right button down to erase current rect
draw_zoom.rect_in_big_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.rect_in_zoom_image = Rect()
draw_zoom.exist_rect = False
draw_zoom.reset_big_image()
draw_zoom.current_pt = draw_zoom.shrink_point(
x + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[0], y + draw_zoom.zoom_offset[1])
draw_zoom.update_drawing_big()
else:
# mousemove in zoom image will not change the content of image
pass
if __name__ == '__main__':
WIN_NAME_BIG = 'big_image'
WIN_NAME_ZOOM = 'zoom_image'
image = cv2.imread('1.jpg')
draw_zoom = DrawZoom(image, (0, 255, 0))
cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME_BIG, 0)
cv2.namedWindow(WIN_NAME_ZOOM, 0)
cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME_BIG, onmouse_big_image, draw_zoom)
cv2.setMouseCallback(WIN_NAME_ZOOM, onmouse_zoom_image, draw_zoom)
while True:
cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME_BIG, draw_zoom.big_image)
cv2.imshow(WIN_NAME_ZOOM, draw_zoom.zoom_image)
key = cv2.waitKey(30)
if key == 27: # ESC
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
結(jié)果：
總結(jié)
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