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新聞動態(tài)

淺談Python之Django(二)

發(fā)布日期：2021-12-22 04:45 | 文章來源：源碼之家

django設(shè)計

user-用戶管理
curser-課程管理
organization-機構(gòu)和教師管理

數(shù)據(jù)表生成與修改各APP models設(shè)計

users models 設(shè)計

修改users目錄下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser
# Create your models here.
class UserProfile(AbstractUser):
 # verbose_name：備注
 # blank：是否可以為空
 #
 nick_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"昵稱",default="")
 birthday = models.DateField(verbose_name=u"生日",blank=True)
 gender = models.CharField(choices=(('male',u'男'),('female',u'女')),default="female",max_length=6)
 address = models.CharField(max_length=100,default=u"")
 mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,null=True,blank=True)
 image = models.ImageField(upload_to="image/%Y/%m",default=u"image/default.png",max_length=100)
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"用戶信息"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
 def __unicode__(self):
  return self.username
class EmailVerifyRecord(models.Model):
 code = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"驗證碼")
 email = models.EmailField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"郵箱")
 send_type = models.CharField(max_length=10,choices=(("register",u"注冊"),("forget",u"找回密碼")),)
 send_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"郵箱驗證碼"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Banner(models.Model):
 title = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"標(biāo)題")
 image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,upload_to="banner/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"輪播圖")
 url = models.URLField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"訪問地址")
 index = models.IntegerField(verbose_name=u"順序",default=100)
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now(),verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"輪播圖"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app users加入，添加AUTH_USER_MODEL = “users.UserProfile”

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'users',
]
AUTH_USER_MODEL = "users.UserProfile"

運行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

解決問題：
pip3 install Pillow(安裝Pillow包)

python manage.py makemigrations users
python manage.py migrate users

解決users.0001_initial,將配置文件中的INSTALLED_APPS中的django.contrib.admin注釋掉

course models 設(shè)計

修改course 目錄下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import  datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Course(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名")
 desc = models.CharField(max_length=300,verbose_name=u"課程描述")
 detail = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"課程詳情")
 degree = models.CharField(max_length=2,choices=(('cj','初級'),('zj','中級'),('gj','高級')))
 learn_time = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)時長")
 students = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"學(xué)習(xí)人數(shù)")
 fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏人數(shù)")
 image = models.ImageField(max_length=100,verbose_name="封面圖片",upload_to="courses/%Y/%m")
 click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"課程"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Lesson(models.Model):
 course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=100,verbose_name=u"章節(jié)名")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"章節(jié)"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Video(models.Model):
 lesson = models.ForeignKey(Lesson,verbose_name=u"章節(jié)",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"視頻名")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"視頻"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseResource(models.Model):
 course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name=u"名稱")
 download = models.FileField(upload_to="course/recourse/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"資源文件",
 max_length=100)
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"課程資源"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app course加入

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'users',
 'course',
]

運行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

原因

在django2.0后，定義外鍵和一對一關(guān)系的時候需要加on_delete選項，此參數(shù)為了避免兩個表里的數(shù)據(jù)不一致問題，不然會報錯：

TypeError: init() missing 1 required positional argument: ‘on_delete'

涉及到外鍵都需要改成

course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

organization models 設(shè)計

修改organization目錄下的models

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class CityDict(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=20, verbose_name=u"城市名稱")
 desc = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"城市描述")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"城市"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseOrg(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"機構(gòu)名稱")
 desc = models.TextField(verbose_name=u"機構(gòu)描述")
 click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")
 fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"收藏數(shù)")
 image = models.ImageField(upload_to="org/%Y/%m",verbose_name=u"封面圖",max_length=100)
 address = models.CharField(max_length=150,verbose_name=u"機構(gòu)地址")
 city = models.ForeignKey(CityDict,verbose_name=u"所在城市",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"課程機構(gòu)"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class Teacher(models.Model):
 org = models.ForeignKey(CourseOrg,verbose_name=u"所屬機構(gòu)",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 name = models.CharField(max_length=50, verbose_name=u"教師名稱")
 work_years = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"工作年限")
 work_company = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"就職公司")
 work_position = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"公司職位")
 points = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"教學(xué)特點")
 click_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"點擊數(shù)")
 fav_nums = models.IntegerField(default=0, verbose_name=u"收藏數(shù)")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"教師"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app organization加入

INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin',
 'django.contrib.auth',
 'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 'django.contrib.sessions',
 'django.contrib.messages',
 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
 'users',
 'course',
 'organization',	
]

operation models 設(shè)計

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_from __future__ import unicode_literalsfrom datetime import datetimefrom django.db import modelsfrom users.models import UserProfilefrom course.models import Course# Create your models here.class UserAsk(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名") mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手機") course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時間") class Meta:  verbose_name = u"用戶咨詢"  verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass CourseComments(models.Model): # 課程評論 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE) comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"評論") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"評論時間") class Meta:  verbose_name = u"課程評論"  verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserFavorite(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"數(shù)據(jù)id") fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'課程'),(2,'課程機構(gòu)'),(3,'講師')),default=1, verbose_name=u"收藏類型") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏時間") class Meta:  verbose_name = u"用戶收藏"  verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserMessage(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息內(nèi)容") has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已讀") add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時間") class Meta:  verbose_name = u"用戶信息"  verbose_name_plural = verbose_nameclass UserCourse(models.Model): user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE) course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE) add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間") class Meta:  verbose_name = u"用戶課程"  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

修改配置文件setting.py中的INSTALLED_APPS，將我們的app operation加入

# _*_ encoding:utf-8 _*_
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from datetime import datetime
from django.db import models
from users.models import UserProfile
from course.models import Course
# Create your models here.
class UserAsk(models.Model):
 name = models.CharField(max_length=20,verbose_name=u"姓名")
 mobile = models.CharField(max_length=11,verbose_name=u"手機")
 course_name = models.CharField(max_length=50,verbose_name=u"課程名")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"用戶咨詢"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class CourseComments(models.Model):
 # 課程評論
 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 comments = models.CharField(max_length=200,verbose_name=u"評論")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"評論時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"課程評論"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserFavorite(models.Model):
 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 fav_id = models.IntegerField(default=0,verbose_name=u"數(shù)據(jù)id")
 fav_type = models.IntegerField(choices=((1,'課程'),(2,'課程機構(gòu)'),(3,'講師')),default=1,
 verbose_name=u"收藏類型")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"收藏時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"用戶收藏"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserMessage(models.Model):
 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"接收用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 message = models.CharField(max_length=500,verbose_name=u"消息內(nèi)容")
 has_read = models.BooleanField(default=False,verbose_name=u"是否已讀")
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now,verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"用戶信息"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name
class UserCourse(models.Model):
 user = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile, verbose_name=u"用戶",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 course = models.ForeignKey(Course, verbose_name=u"課程",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 add_time = models.DateTimeField(default=datetime.now, verbose_name=u"添加時間")
 class Meta:
  verbose_name = u"用戶課程"
  verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

將4個app統(tǒng)一放到apps包下

因為app太多，不好管理，所以統(tǒng)一放到apps目錄下進行管理

將app路徑寫入到配置文件setting.py中，防止包導(dǎo)入失敗

import os
import sys
# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.insert(0,os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'apps'))

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
生成數(shù)據(jù)表

> 運行python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:9000

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