利用Prometheus與Grafana對Mysql服務(wù)器的性能監(jiān)控詳解
概述
Prometheus是一個開源的服務(wù)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，它通過HTTP協(xié)議從遠(yuǎn)程的機(jī)器收集數(shù)據(jù)并存儲在本地的時序數(shù)據(jù)庫上。它提供了一個簡單的網(wǎng)頁界面、一個功能強(qiáng)大的查詢語言以及HTTP接口等等。Prometheus通過安裝在遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器上的exporter來收集監(jiān)控數(shù)據(jù)，這里用到了以下兩個exporter：
- node_exporter – 用于機(jī)器系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)
- mysqld_exporter – 用于Mysql服務(wù)器數(shù)據(jù)
Grafana是一個開源的功能豐富的數(shù)據(jù)可視化平臺，通常用于時序數(shù)據(jù)的可視化。它內(nèi)置了以下數(shù)據(jù)源的支持：
并可以通過插件擴(kuò)展支持的數(shù)據(jù)源。
架構(gòu)圖
下面是本次部署的架構(gòu)圖
安裝并運(yùn)行Prometheus
1.在 Monitor 上安裝 Prometheus
安裝至/opt/prometheus
$ wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v1.5.2/prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar zxvf prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ mv prometheus-1.5.2.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus
2.在安裝目下編輯配置文件 prometheus.yml
vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
# my global config global: scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute. evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. # scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s). # Attach these labels to any time series or alerts when communicating with # external systems (federation, remote storage, Alertmanager). external_labels: monitor: 'codelab-monitor' # Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'. rule_files: # - "first.rules" # - "second.rules" # A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape: # Here it's Prometheus itself. scrape_configs: # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config. - job_name: 'prometheus' # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics' # scheme defaults to 'http'. static_configs: - targets: ['localhost:9090'] # 以下是添加的部分 - job_name: linux static_configs: - targets: ['172.30.251.214:9100'] labels: instance: db1 - job_name: mysql static_configs: - targets: ['172.30.251.214:9104'] labels: instance: db1
其中：172.30.251.214是MySQL的IP，端口則是對應(yīng)的exporter的監(jiān)聽端口。
3.啟動Prometheus
[loya@centos6 prometheus]$ ./prometheus INFO[0000] Starting prometheus (version=1.5.2, branch=master, revision=bd1182d29f462c39544f94cc822830e1c64cf55b) source=main.go:75 INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.7.5, user=root@a8af9200f95d, date=20170210-14:41:22) source=main.go:76 INFO[0000] Loading configuration file prometheus.yml source=main.go:248 INFO[0000] Loading series map and head chunks... source=storage.go:373 INFO[0000] 0 series loaded. source=storage.go:378 INFO[0000] Starting target manager... source=targetmanager.go:61 INFO[0000] Listening on :9090 source=web.go:259
Prometheus內(nèi)置了一個web界面，可以通過http://monitor_host:9090進(jìn)行訪問：
在Status->Targets頁面下，可以看到我們配置的兩個Target，它們的State為DOWN。
4.接下來需要在被監(jiān)控機(jī)器上安裝并運(yùn)行exporter
下載exporters并解壓：
$ mkdir /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0-rc.1/node_exporter-0.14.0-rc.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.9.0/mysqld_exporter-0.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar zxvf node_exporter-0.14.0-rc.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar zxvf mysqld_exporter-0.9.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz # 將各自的可執(zhí)行文件移動到/opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ ll /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters total 24464 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12182376 Feb 23 19:01 mysqld_exporter -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 12862209 Feb 23 19:01 node_exporter
運(yùn)行node_exporter
$ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ ./node_exporter INFO[0000] Starting node_exporter (version=0.14.0-rc.1, branch=master, revision=5a07f4173d97fa0dd307db5bd3c2e6da26a4b16e) source="node_exporter.go:136" INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.7.4, user=root@ed143c8f2fcd, date=20170116-16:00:03) source="node_exporter.go:137" INFO[0000] No directory specified, see --collector.textfile.directory source="textfile.go:57" INFO[0000] Enabled collectors: source="node_exporter.go:156" INFO[0000] - entropy source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - loadavg source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - stat source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - diskstats source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - textfile source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - vmstat source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - meminfo source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - filefd source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - filesystem source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - mdadm source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - netdev source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - sockstat source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - time source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - zfs source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - edac source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - hwmon source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - netstat source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - uname source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] - conntrack source="node_exporter.go:158" INFO[0000] Listening on :9100 source="node_exporter.go:176"
mysqld_exporter需要連接到MySQL，所以需要MySQL權(quán)限，我們?yōu)槠鋭?chuàng)建用戶并賦予所需的權(quán)限：
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION CLIENT, PROCESS ON *.* TO 'prom'@'localhost' identified by 'abc123'; mysql> GRANT SELECT ON performance_schema.* TO 'prom'@'localhost';
創(chuàng)建.my.cnf文件并運(yùn)行mysqld_exporter：
$ cd /opt/prometheus/prometheus_exporters $ $ cat << EOF > .my.cnf [client] user=prom password=abc123 EOF $ $ ./mysqld_exporter -config.my-cnf=".my.cnf" INFO[0000] Starting mysqld_exporter (version=0.9.0, branch=master, revision=8400af20ccdbf6b5e0faa2c925c56c48cd78d70b) source=mysqld_exporter.go:432 INFO[0000] Build context (go=go1.6.3, user=root@2c131c66ca20, date=20160926-18:28:09) source=mysqld_exporter.go:433 INFO[0000] Listening on :9104 source=mysqld_exporter.go:451
回到Prometheus web界面Status->Targets，可以看到兩個Target的狀態(tài)已經(jīng)變成UP了：
安裝和運(yùn)行Grafana
安裝：
Grafana 的安裝官方文檔比較清晰，這里不再贅述。
配置：
編輯配置文件/etc/grafana/grafana.ini，修改dashboards.json段落下兩個參數(shù)的值：
[dashboards.json] enabled = true path = /var/lib/grafana/dashboards
導(dǎo)入Prometheus Dashboard：
$ git clone https://github.com/percona/grafana-dashboards.git $ cp -r grafana-dashboards/dashboards /var/lib/grafana
啟動：
$ /etc/init.d/grafana-server start
通過http://monitor_host:3000訪問Grafana Web界面（缺省帳號/密碼為admin/admin）
登錄后，通過Data Sources頁面添加數(shù)據(jù)源：
然后就可以通過選擇不同的儀表盤（左上角）和時間段（右上角）來呈現(xiàn)圖表了：
System Overview:
MySQL Overview:
總結(jié)
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