MongoDB索引類型匯總分享
發(fā)布日期：2022-07-15 19:52 | 文章來源：gibhub
MongoDB 4.2官方支持索引類型如下：
- 單字段索引
- 復合索引
- 多鍵索引
- 文本索引
- 2dsphere索引
- 2d索引
- geoHaystack索引
- 哈希索引
單字段索引
在單個字段上創(chuàng)建升序索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "db6.test"
}
]
在字段id上添加升序索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"id":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 1,
"numIndexesAfter" : 2,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621322378, 1)
}
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.getIndexes()
[
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"_id" : 1
},
"name" : "_id_",
"ns" : "db6.test"
},
{
"v" : 2,
"key" : {
"id" : 1
},
"name" : "id_1",
"ns" : "db6.test"
}
]
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.find({"id":100})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a35d061f183b1d8f092114"), "id" : 100, "name" : "handong", "ziliao" : { "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" } }
上述查詢可以使用新建的單字段索引。
在嵌入式字段上創(chuàng)建索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"ziliao.name":1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 2,
"numIndexesAfter" : 3,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621323677, 2)
}
以下查詢可以用的新建的索引。
db.test.find({"ziliao.name":"handong"})
在內(nèi)嵌文檔上創(chuàng)建索引
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({ziliao:1})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 3,
"numIndexesAfter" : 4,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621324059, 2)
}
以下查詢可以使用新建的索引。
db.test.find({ziliao:{ "name" : "handong", "age" : 25, "hobby" : "mongodb" }})
復合索引
創(chuàng)建復合索引
db.user.createIndex({"product_id":1,"type":-1})
以下查詢可以用到新建的復合索引
db.user.find({"product_id":"e5a35cfc70364d2092b8f5d14b1a3217","type":0})
多鍵索引
基于一個數(shù)組創(chuàng)建索引，MongoDB會自動創(chuàng)建為多鍵索引，無需刻意指定。
多鍵索引也可以基于內(nèi)嵌文檔來創(chuàng)建。
多鍵索引的邊界值的計算依賴于特定的規(guī)則。
查看文檔：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d7f1f183b1d8f0920ad"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 90, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d8b1f183b1d8f0920ae"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 99, 98, 97, 96 ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32d9a1f183b1d8f0920af"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 100, 100, 100, 100 ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a32e8c1f183b1d8f0920b0"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ { "english" : 70, "math" : 99, "physics" : 88 } ], "is_del" : false }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b1d1f183b1d8f0aa752"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94 ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b221f183b1d8f0aa753"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95, 94, 93 ] }
創(chuàng)建score字段多鍵索引：
db.score.createIndex("score":1)
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a37b141f183b1d8f0aa751"), "name" : "dandan", "age" : 30, "score" : [ 96, 95 ] }
查看執(zhí)行計劃：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.score.find({"score":[ 96, 95 ]}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "db6.score",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"score" : {
"$eq" : [
96,
95
]
}
},
"queryHash" : "8D76FC59",
"planCacheKey" : "E2B03CA1",
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
"filter" : {
"score" : {
"$eq" : [
96,
95
]
}
},
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"score" : 1
},
"indexName" : "score_1",
"isMultiKey" : true,
"multiKeyPaths" : {
"score" : [
"score"
]
},
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 2,
"direction" : "forward",
"indexBounds" : {
"score" : [
"[96.0, 96.0]",
"[[ 96.0, 95.0 ], [ 96.0, 95.0 ]]"
]
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "mongo3",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.12",
"gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5"
},
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621326912, 1)
}
可以看到已經(jīng)使用了新建的多鍵索引。
文本索引
為了支持對字符串內(nèi)容的文本搜索查詢，MongoDB提供了文本索引。文本(text )索引可以包含任何值為字符串或字符串元素數(shù)組的字段
db.user.createIndex({"sku_attributes":"text"})
db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}})
查看執(zhí)行計劃：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.user.find({$text:{$search:"測試"}}).explain()
{
"queryPlanner" : {
"plannerVersion" : 1,
"namespace" : "db6.user",
"indexFilterSet" : false,
"parsedQuery" : {
"$text" : {
"$search" : "測試",
"$language" : "english",
"$caseSensitive" : false,
"$diacriticSensitive" : false
}
},
"queryHash" : "83098EE1",
"planCacheKey" : "7E2D582B",
"winningPlan" : {
"stage" : "TEXT",
"indexPrefix" : {
},
"indexName" : "sku_attributes_text",
"parsedTextQuery" : {
"terms" : [
"測試"
],
"negatedTerms" : [ ],
"phrases" : [ ],
"negatedPhrases" : [ ]
},
"textIndexVersion" : 3,
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "TEXT_MATCH",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "FETCH",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "OR",
"inputStage" : {
"stage" : "IXSCAN",
"keyPattern" : {
"_fts" : "text",
"_ftsx" : 1
},
"indexName" : "sku_attributes_text",
"isMultiKey" : true,
"isUnique" : false,
"isSparse" : false,
"isPartial" : false,
"indexVersion" : 2,
"direction" : "backward",
"indexBounds" : {
}
}
}
}
}
},
"rejectedPlans" : [ ]
},
"serverInfo" : {
"host" : "mongo3",
"port" : 27017,
"version" : "4.2.12",
"gitVersion" : "5593fd8e33b60c75802edab304e23998fa0ce8a5"
},
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621328543, 1)
}
可以看到通過文本索引可以查到包含測試關鍵字的數(shù)據(jù)。
**注意：**可以根據(jù)自己需要創(chuàng)建復合文本索引。
2dsphere索引
創(chuàng)建測試數(shù)據(jù)
db.places.insert(
{
loc : { type: "Poi
添加2dsphere索引
db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" } )
db.places.createIndex( { loc : "2dsphere" , category : -1, name: 1 } )
利用2dsphere索引查詢多邊形里的點
鳳凰嶺
[116.098234,40.110569]
天安門
[116.405239,39.913839]
四惠橋
[116.494351,39.912068]
望京
[116.494494,40.004594]
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc :
... { $geoWithin :
... { $geometry :
... { type : "Polygon" ,
... coordinates : [ [
... [116.098234,40.110569] ,
... [116.405239,39.913839] ,
... [116.494351,39.912068] ,
... [116.494494,40.004594] ,
... [116.098234,40.110569]
... ] ]
... } } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c950d4211a77d22bf7f8"), "loc" : { "type" : "Poi
可以看到把集合中包含在指定四邊形里的點，全部列了出來。
利用2dsphere索引查詢球體上定義的圓內(nèi)的點
handong1:PRIMARY> db.places.find( { loc :
... { $geoWithin :
... { $centerSphere :
... [ [ 116.439518, 39.954751 ] , 2/3963.2 ]
... } } } )
{ "_id" : ObjectId("60a4c94fd4211a77d22bf7f7"), "loc" : { "type" : "Poi
返回所有半徑為經(jīng)度 116.439518 E 和緯度 39.954751 N 的2英里內(nèi)坐標。示例將2英里的距離轉(zhuǎn)換為弧度，通過除以地球近似的赤道半徑3963.2英里。
2d索引
在以下情況下使用2d索引：
- 您的數(shù)據(jù)庫具有來自MongoDB 2.2或更早版本的舊版舊版坐標對。
- 您不打算將任何位置數(shù)據(jù)存儲為GeoJSON對象。
哈希索引
要創(chuàng)建hashed索引，請指定 hashed 作為索引鍵的值，如下例所示：
handong1:PRIMARY> db.test.createIndex({"_id":"hashed"})
{
"createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
"numIndexesBefore" : 4,
"numIndexesAfter" : 5,
"ok" : 1,
"$clusterTime" : {
"clusterTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1),
"signature" : {
"hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
"keyId" : NumberLong(0)
}
},
"operationTime" : Timestamp(1621419338, 1)
}
注意事項
- MongoDB支持任何單個字段的 hashed 索引。hashing函數(shù)折疊嵌入的文檔并計算整個值的hash值，但不支持多鍵(即.數(shù)組)索引。
- 您不能創(chuàng)建具有hashed索引字段的復合索引，也不能在索引上指定唯一約束hashed；但是，您可以hashed在同一字段上創(chuàng)建索引和升序/降序（即非哈希）索引：MongoDB將對范圍查詢使用標量索引。
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