SQL行轉(zhuǎn)列和列轉(zhuǎn)行代碼詳解
行列互轉(zhuǎn),是一個(gè)經(jīng)常遇到的需求。實(shí)現(xiàn)的方法,有case when方式和2005之后的內(nèi)置pivot和unpivot方法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。
在讀了技術(shù)內(nèi)幕那一節(jié)后,雖說(shuō)這些解決方案早就用過(guò)了,卻沒(méi)有系統(tǒng)性的認(rèn)識(shí)和總結(jié)過(guò)。為了加深認(rèn)識(shí),再總結(jié)一次。
行列互轉(zhuǎn),可以分為靜態(tài)互轉(zhuǎn),即事先就知道要處理多少行(列);動(dòng)態(tài)互轉(zhuǎn),事先不知道處理多少行(列)。
--創(chuàng)建測(cè)試環(huán)境 USE tempdb; GO IF OBJECT_ID('dbo.Orders') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE dbo.Orders; GO CREATE TABLE dbo.Orders ( orderid int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED, orderdate datetime NOT NULL, empid int NOT NULL, custid varchar(5) NOT NULL, qty int NOT NULL ); CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX idx_orderdate_orderid ON dbo.Orders(orderdate, orderid); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(30001, '20020802', 3, 'A', 10); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(10001, '20021224', 1, 'A', 12); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(10005, '20021224', 1, 'B', 20); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(40001, '20030109', 4, 'A', 40); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(10006, '20030118', 1, 'C', 14); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(20001, '20030212', 2, 'B', 12); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(40005, '20040212', 4, 'A', 10); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(20002, '20040216', 2, 'C', 20); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(30003, '20040418', 3, 'B', 15); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(30004, '20020418', 3, 'C', 22); INSERT INTO dbo.Orders(orderid, orderdate, empid, custid, qty) VALUES(30007, '20020907', 3, 'D', 30); GO
行轉(zhuǎn)列-靜態(tài)方案:
--行轉(zhuǎn)列的靜態(tài)方案一:CASE WHEN,兼容sql2000 select custid, sum(case when YEAR(orderdate)=2002 then qty end) as [2002], sum(case when YEAR(orderdate)=2003 then qty end) as [2003], sum(case when YEAR(orderdate)=2004 then qty end) as [2004] from orders group by custid; GO --行轉(zhuǎn)列的靜態(tài)方案二:PIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 select * from (select custid,YEAR(orderdate) as years,qty from orders) as ord pivot(sum(qty) for years in([2002],[2003],[2004]))as p GO
行轉(zhuǎn)列-動(dòng)態(tài)方案:加入了xml處理和SQL注入預(yù)防判斷
--既然是用到了動(dòng)態(tài)SQL,就有一個(gè)老話(huà)題:SQL注入。建一個(gè)注入性字符的判斷函數(shù)。 CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[fn_CheckSQLInjection] ( @Col nvarchar(4000) ) RETURNS BIT --如果存在可能的注入字符返回true,反之返回false AS BEGIN DECLARE @result bit; IF UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%0x%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%;%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%''%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%--%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%/*%*/%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%EXEC%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%xp_%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%sp_%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%SELECT%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%INSERT%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%UPDATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%DELETE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%TRUNCATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%CREATE%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%ALTER%') OR UPPER(@Col) LIKE UPPER(N'%DROP%') SET @result=1 ELSE SET @result=0 return @result END GO --行轉(zhuǎn)列的動(dòng)態(tài)方案一:CASE WHEN,兼容sql2000 DECLARE @T TABLE (years INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY); INSERT INTO @T SELECT DISTINCT YEAR(orderdate) from orders; DECLARE @Y INT; SET @Y=(SELECT MIN(years) from @T); DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N''; WHILE @Y IS NOT NULL BEGIN SET @SQL=@SQL+N',sum(case when YEAR(orderdate)='+CAST(@Y AS NVARCHAR(4)) +N' then qty end) as '+QUOTENAME(@Y); SET @Y=(SELECT MIN(years) from @T where years>@Y); END IF dbo.fn_CheckSQLInjection(@SQL)=0 SET @SQL=N'SELECT custid'+@SQL+N' FROM orders group by custid' PRINT @SQL EXEC sp_executesql @SQL GO --行轉(zhuǎn)列的動(dòng)態(tài)方案二:PIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 DECLARE @T TABLE (years INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY); INSERT INTO @T SELECT DISTINCT YEAR(orderdate) from orders; DECLARE @Y INT; SET @Y=(SELECT MIN(years) from @T); DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N''; --這里使用了xml處理來(lái)處理類(lèi)組字符串 SET @SQL=STUFF((SELECT N','+QUOTENAME(years) FROM @T FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,N''); IF dbo.fn_CheckSQLInjection(@SQL)=0 SET @SQL=N'select * from (select DISTINCT custid,YEAR(orderdate) as years,qty from orders) as ord pivot(sum(qty) for years in('+@SQL+N'))as p'; PRINT @SQL; EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL; GO
列轉(zhuǎn)行:
--列轉(zhuǎn)行的靜態(tài)方案:UNPIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 SELECT * FROM dbo.pvtCustOrders SELECT custid,years,qty from dbo.pvtCustOrders unpivot(qty for years in([2002],[2003],[2004]))as up GO --列轉(zhuǎn)行的動(dòng)態(tài)方案:UNPIVOT,sql2005及以后版本 --因?yàn)樾惺莿?dòng)態(tài)所以這里就從INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS視圖中獲取列來(lái)構(gòu)造行,同樣也使用了XML處理。 DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)=N''; SET @SQL=STUFF((SELECT N','+QUOTENAME(COLUMN_NAME ) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS WHERE ORDINAL_POSITION>1 AND TABLE_NAME='PvtCustOrders' FOR XML PATH('')),1,1,N'') SET @SQL=N'SELECT custid,years,qty from dbo.pvtCustOrders unpivot(qty for years in('+@SQL+'))as up'; PRINT @SQL; EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;
總結(jié)
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